Seed coat tear is frequently occurs in some soybean cultivars. The impact of seed coat tear on seed physiology and sanitation is uncertain. Our objective was to analyze the physiological and pathological effect of tear on soybean (Glycine max) seed coat. The cultivars NS-8338-IPRO (with high incidence of tear) and NS-6906-IPRO (with low incidence of tear) were used. A tetrazolium test was used to assess the physiological quality of the seed coat before and after storage. The sanitary quality was assessed through the "Blotter Test". For each storage period, we evaluated seeds with 0% coat tear, up to 10%, and above 10%. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the methodologies proposed by RAS. The coat tear on soybean seed positively contributed to the moisture damage affecting the inner part of the seed. Incidences of Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were frequently observed in torn seeds and in seeds without tear (around 9-10%) but did not interfere with seed quality. The appearance of coat tear on soybean seed is increased by moisture damage and do not serve as a gateway for the fungi to cause damage during seed emergence.
The environment’s impact on foliar disease growth in annual crops and the various types of differentiation must be investigated to adapt effective disease control strategies. We studied the temporal progression of foliar disease complexes in 14 commercial corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids during the 2015/2016 crop season (Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil). The experiment consisted of 10 blocks and evaluated foliar disease severity using a diagrammatic scale. The evaluations occurred at 47, 53, 59, 74, 81 and 95 days after planting. At each time point, a plant was chosen randomly from each block (10 plants total), and the diseases causing foliar damage were identified. The areas under the disease progression curves (AUDPCs) and yields were calculated. Dependent variables were evaluated using a principal component analysis to study relationships between the hybrids and the disease severity on each leaf (biplot). Heatmaps were used to determine which leaves demonstrated the greatest disease severity and temporal disease progression, and an adjusted linear correlation model was used to predict yield relative to AUDPC. The foliar disease complex consisted of helmintosporiosis, common rust, macrospora leaf spot, cercosporiosis and maize white spot. The Ns90PRO© hybrid showed limited disease progression and; therefore, was considered more resistant and consequently had a lower AUDPC value. The Dow2B610PW© hybrid showed greater disease progression. Agroceres7098PRO2© had a greater yield and consequently a lower AUDPC value, while Lg6050PRO2© had a lower yield and a higher AUDPC value. In general, the more advanced the phenological stage, the more severe the leaf disease; however, disease progression (from plant base to plant tip) was genotype- dependent.
The objective of this work was to conduct a temporal evaluation of incidence of rot base and sanitary severity, and to relate the impact on the seed pathology of common bean cultivars. In the 2015-2016 harvest, in the city of Ipameri, Goiás, ten cultivars of common bean were evaluated (BRS Estilo©, BRS Pérola©, IPR Tangará©, IPR Tuiuiú©, IPR Uirapuru©, IAC Milênio©, Imperador©, IAC F3 R2©, IAC OTG© and IPR Campos Gerais©) and distributed into five blocks, totaling 40 experimental units. The incidence of wilt and base rot and sanitary severity were analyzed by taking ten random samples per block at 21, 28, 56, 63 and 69 days after planting. At the end of 120 days, a total of 20 plants were harvested per cultivar, and 250 seeds were harvested for application of the Blotter Test method. From 21 to 69 days after planting, the cultivars BRS Pérola© and IPR Campos Gerais© deserve to be highlighted for presenting the lowest incidence of wilt in the reproductive and vegetative cycles. The cultivar BRS Pérola© showed the lowest incidence of wilt and sanitary severity. In the analysis of harvested seeds, the cultivar BRS Pérola© presented high physiological quality for all evaluated parameters. On the other hand, Cramberry (OTG)© showed low physiological potential in germination and vigor tests.
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a distribuição espaço-temporal de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em campo de feijoeiro tratado com diferentes métodos de controle foliar. O feijão cultivar Pérola foi cultivado em regime de Pivô Central [safra de inverno (seca), 2015] na Fazenda São José, Cristalina, Góias. Foram aplicados nove tipos de tratamentos representados por fungicidas e agentes de controle biológico, ministrados em quatro aplicações, conduzidas em seis blocos (DBC), totalizando 54 unidades experimentais. Na área experimental avaliou-se a distribuição espacial do inóculo infuenciado pelos tratamentos aos 39 dias após o plantio (DAP), 46 DAP, 53 DAP, 60 DAP, 67 DAP e 74 DAP. Para este estudo avaliou-se a incidência do mofo-branco (%IMB) nos quadrantes (36 m2), sendo calculado a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) e a produtividade (P) aos 87 DAP. Os valores de %IMB, AACPD e P foram organizados em matrizes X(m), Y(m) e Z (%) para construção de mapas de distribuição. Tanto no ciclo vegetativo como reprodutivo da cultura, os focos de incidência da doença mudaram de posição espacial e aumentaram aleatoriamente a incidência miceliogênica e carpogênica na área avaliada. O emprego de medidas sanitárias de controle do mofo branco influencia na dinâmica de dispersão do mofo-branco do feijoeiro.
Orelha-de-rato (Dichondra repens – Convolvulaceae) é uma planta perene de baixo crescimento, considerada como forrageira. O trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação da ferrugem da orelha-de-rato causada por Puccinia sp. Amostras de folhas de orelha-de-rato foram coletadas no município de Bento Gonçalves, RS, exsicatadas e depositadas na coleção micológica de referência do IF Goiano Câmpus Urutaí e, posteriormente, analisadas em microscópio estereoscópico. Lâminas semi-permanentes e cortes histológicos foram realizados. Para registro dos sintomas e sinais do patógeno fez-se macro e microfotografias. A morfometria das estruturas reprodutivas foi realizada utilizando microscópio óptico. O fitopatógeno apresentou télia de coloração marrom avermelhado, hipófila e subepidérmica encontrada na face abaxial da folha, com dimensões 180-260 x 210-340 µm. Teliósporos lisos, bicelulares, com dimensões de 32,1 - (27,1) - 22,2 x 19,4 - (14,8) - 11,3 µm de coloração pardo a marrom avermelhado com papila de comprimento 7,5 - (5,0) - 2,6 µm, hialina e pedicelos filiformes e hialinos, com comprimento de 24,7 - (12,6) - 6,7 µm. Inicialmente os teliósporos jovens apresentaram-se hialinos e quando maduros se tornaram melanizados. Com base nas características descritivas da fase telial o isolado oriundo de Bento Gonçalves, RS, (2011) foi identificado como Puccinia dichondrae.
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