Limited information is available concerning the effects of nitrogen (N) and golf cart traffic rates on buffalograss roughs.• Increasing the N rate, especially from 0 to 1 or 1 to 2 lb N/1000 ft 2 /year, will increase the ability of buffalograss to better withstand traffic stress from golf carts in traffic situations.• Increased late season percent green turfgrass cover and turfgrass quality were observed when applying 2 lb to 3 lb N/1000 ft 2 /year on buffalograss roughs.• Buffalograss was able to maintain adequate green cover and acceptable quality with traffic rates up to 4 traffic passes/week. AbstractBuffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] is increasing in popularity for use in golf course roughs in semiarid climates of the transitional climatic zone due to its low water requirements. Limited information is available concerning the effects of nitrogen (N) and golf cart traffic rates on buffalograss roughs. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of N rate and repeated simulated golf cart traffic on buffalograss maintained at golf course rough mowing height. Three field trials were initiated in July 2014 and 2015 in Manhattan, KS on 'Cody' buffalograss. Treatment factors were four N application rates (0, 1, 2, and 3 lb N/1000 ft 2 ) and five traffic application rates (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 passes/week) with a custom-built golf cart traffic simulator. Regardless of traffic rate, as N rate increased, percent green cover (PGC), visual turf quality (VQ), and turf color increased. Results from this study indicate that an increase in N rate, especially from 0 to 1 lb N/1000 ft 2 /year and from 1 to 2 lb N/1000 ft 2 /year will increase the ability of buffalograss to better withstand traffic stress during the summer. Although, there may be minimal benefits of applying above 2 lb N/1000 ft 2 / year on buffalograss roughs. As traffic rate increased, regardless of N rate, buffalograss PGC, VQ, and turf color decreased, especially at 8 and 16 passes/week. Generally, buffalograss was able to maintain adequate PGC and acceptable VQ with traffic rates up to 4 traffic passes/week. We recommend that buffalograss turf managers carefully monitor traffic on buffalograss, especially in high traffic areas in the rough. Results show trafficked buffalograss can maintain adequate PGC and VQ when maintained at varying N levels.Buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] is a warm-season grass native to the North American Great Plains that has excellent drought tolerance and is well adapted for unirrigated lawns, parks, Crop Forage Turfgrass Manage. ‡ Nitrogen (urea; 46-0-0) treatments were applied in two half-rate applications, once at trial initiation at 0 WAI and again at 8 WAI, and were watered in immediately after application with 0.25 inches of water. § Means in a column within each main effect followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Fisher's protected LSD test (P ≤ 0.05). ¶ Traffic treatments were applied twice per week with a golf cart traffic simulator at 0, 1, ...