Pile foundation serves to distribute all the loads in the building to the ground. There are several calculation methods for bearing capacity of pile foundation, one of them is Nakazawa method. Nakazawa method adapted from calculation used in Japan where it is relevant for soft soils. The aim of this research is to obtain axial bearing capacity of pile foundation that can withstand axial forces using Nakazawa method. The parameter that used for the calculation is modified or average N-value (). The analysis result shows the value is smaller than N existing, indicate that Nakazawa tend to use weaker value of N blows. It means the calculation is considered softer type of soils than the existing ones.The value of point bearing capacity, Rp, assimilate to the pattern of N-SPT. The result value of friction bearing, Rf, in respect of depth shows the linear trending. Rf along the pile depends on the friction interaction between soil and structure. This phenomena influenced by the soil type. The value of cohession along the pile augment, means the ability of soils to stick to the pile/structure is also high. It explains why the value of friction bearing is bigger in respect of depth.
ABSTRAK Penggunaan kolom komposit telah banyak digunakan di berbagai bangunan bangunan tinggi. Dan pada umumnya, Kolom komposit dibagi menjadi 2 macam, yaitu kolom komposit inside steel dan outside steel dengan struktur baja terbungkus oleh beton disebut dengan kolom inside steel atau bisa saja disebut Concrete Encased Column. Sedangkan untuk baja yang berisi beton disebut dengan kolom outside steel atau juga disebut Concrete Filled Column. Penggunaan struktur kolom komposit outside steel sebagai kolom utama dalam mendukung beban lateral pada struktur rangka bangunan belum lazim digunakan dalam perkembangan konstruksi saat ini. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisa kekuatan dari 2 macam kolom komposit agar diketahui jenis kolom komposit yang paling efektif dan memiliki kekuatan paling tinggi. Perhitungan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perhitungan manual pada kolom komposit inside steel dan outside steel yang berbentuk kotak, sedangkan untuk perhitungan dengan menggunakan program CSICOL dilakukan pada seluruh kolom komposit. Hasil nilai ØPn dan ØMn kemudian dibandingkan antara perhitungan manual dengan program CSICOL. Hasil perhitungan menunjukan bahwa kemampuan kolom komposit outside steel lebih baik dibandingkan kolom komposit inside steel dengan menggunakan standar volume dari ukuran kolom komposit inside steel kotak 400x400 mm. Kolom komposit outside steel berbentuk bundar dengan diameter 431 mm lebih unggul sebesar 17 % dalam menahan gaya aksial nominal (ØPn) dibandingkan semua tipe kolom komposit yang lain. Sedangkan kolom komposit outside steel berbentuk kotak dengan ukuran 405.70x405.70 mm lebih unggul menahan momen nominal (ØMn) sebesar 10,5 % dibandingkan semua tipe kolom komposit yang lain.Kata kunci : kolom komposit; inside steel (concrete- encased column); outside steel (concrete-filled column)ABSTRACT The use of composite columns has been widely used in various high-rise buildings. Composite columns are generally divided into two types: composite columns inside steel and outside steel columns with a steel structure wrapped in concrete called an inside steel column (concrete encased column), while steel containing concrete is called an outside steel column (concrete-filled column). The use of a composite column structure outside steel as the main column in supporting lateral loads in the building frame structure is not yet commonly used in current construction developments. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the strengths of 2 types of composite columns to know which type of composite column is the most effective and has the highest strength. Calculations are performed using manual calculations on composite columns inside steel and outside steel in the form of a box, while calculations using the CSiCOL program are carried out on all composite columns. The results of the ØPn and ØMn values are then compared between manual calculations and the CSiCOL program. The calculation results show that the composite outside steel column's ability is better than the inside steel composite column by using a standard volume from the size of the composite column inside steel box 400x400 mm. The round composite outside steel column with a 431 mm diameter is 17% superior in withstanding nominal axial force (ØPn) than all other composite column types. While the outside steel composite column in the form of a box with a size of 405.70x405.70 mm is superior to withstand the little moment (ØMn) by 10.5% compared to all other types of composite columns.
Steel truss bridge collapse often occurs, both in Indonesia and in other countries. As a result of the collapse of the bridge is in addition to the casualties also losses from the financial aspects. This collapse caused due to various factors, one of them because of a decrease in the strength of the bridge structure. To minimize required maintenance of the bridge's collapse and to facilitate the maintenance of one of them must be known failure mechanisms existing bridges. In the analysis of this collapse, will be modeled steel truss bridge pratt’s type with long spans is 60 meters. Analysis of the collapse of the steel truss bridge's, utilizing a pushover analysis to analyze the behavior of the bridge structure. Pushover analysis done with give vertical static load pattern at the structure, next gradually increase by a factor until one vertical displacement target of the reference point is reached. The study shows that at model singe span failure occurred on the chord on mid span. The performance level of structure shows all models of bridges in the state are IO, this case based on the target displacement FEMA 356 and the actual ductility occurs in all models of bridges is compliant with SNI 2833-2008.
The precast hollow pile is a type of pile which has been commonly used in Indonesia. According to SNI 03-1726-2012 ABSTRAKPrecast hollow pile adalah jenis tiang pancang yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia, Berdasarkan SNI 03-1726-2012 pasal 7.14.2.2.5, tiang pancang sebagai bagian dari struktur harus mampu berperilaku daktail dalam mendisipasi energi akibat beban gempa terutama pada peralihan lapisan tanah lunak dan tanah keras. Penelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa hollow pile tidak dapat berprilaku daktail sesuai dengan ketentuan yang disyaratkan, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan hollow pile yang mampu berprilaku daktail sesuai dengan yang disyaratkan. Metode penelitian ini, dilakukan dengan analisa perhitungan manual dan finite element dengan program Abaqus 6.10 dan Xtract 3.6. Model benda uji di bagi menjadi tiga, yaitu model 1 (model validasi eksisting), model 2 (hollow pile dengan ratio volumetric spiral maksimum ACI dan SNI), dan model 3 hollow pile dengan penambahan material beton cor 67.8 MPa didalam rongga. Pada hasil penelitian, model 1 menunjukan hasil yang hampir sama dengan hasil eksperimental sebelumnya. Sedangkan, model 2 terjadi peningkatan daktilitas displacement sebesar 82.1 % dan daktilitas kurvatur sebesar 96.84%, model 3 terjadi peningkatan daktilitas displacement sebesar 88.97 % dan daktilitas kurvatur 137.15%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan material beton cor dan ratio volumetric spiral memberikan dampak yang baik pada peningkatan nilai daktilitas tetapi belum cukup untuk memenuhi persyaratan minimum yang disyaratkan dalam peraturan di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Tiang Pancang Bulat Berongga, Daktilitas Simpangan, Kurvatur, Daktilitas. PENDAHULUANTiang pancang merupakan bagian konstruksi yang digunakan untuk meneruskan beban permukaan ketingkat permukaan yang lebih rendah didalam masa tanah, di Indonesia pengunaan tiang pancang sudah umum digunakan terutama jenis tiang pancang prestress beton bulat berongga (prestress hollow pile). Sebagai negara yang memiliki potensi gempa besar seperti Indonesia, perlu
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