The binding of pathogenic bacteria to extracellular matrix components enhances adhesion and invasion of host cells. The host receptor proteins such as fibronectin (Fn) targeted to pathogenic ligands that have clinical importance. In the present study, we cloned, expressed, purified, and identified a novel Fn-binding protein from PE_PGRS60 (Rv3652) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv. The protein product of Rv3652 showed optimum binding efficiency to 10 ng Fn at 0.2 µg purified protein of PE_PGRS60 and 20 ng Fn at 0.2 µg concentrations, respectively. PE_PGRS60 protein (primary sequences) of different pathogenic mycobacterium species retrieved from NCBI exhibited complete homology at the 104 residues on multiple sequence alignment. The primary sequence of protein from H37 Rv was further used to predict cleavage signals. The secondary structure prediction method revealed a number of residues responsible for alpha helices formation and percentage of residues participating in the random coils and extended strands. In addition, online prediction tools such as B- and T-cell epitopes showed the surface probability scale and antigenic propensity scale. The current finding opens new opportunity to mycobacterial survival and pathogenesis research of PE-polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequences (PE-PGRS) family proteins.
The kind of interactions which nanoparticles show in the biological systems is very interesting. Nanoparticles (NPs) on entering the living system immediately come in contact with proteins which serve many applications of nanoparticles including bio-signalling, therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Moreover, many inorganic oxide nanoparticles can also serve the purpose of antibacterial/antiviral by assisting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of nanoparticles in therapeutics is very significant and increasing day-by-day as it assures better treatment to the patient by enhancing activity of drug, improving bioavailability, flexibility in deciding route of administration and long term stability of drug resulting in better treatments of diseases. NPs such as solid lipid NPs, polymeric NPs, porous NPs, liposomes are being used for treatment of various types of diseases. Numerous carriers based drug delivery systems incorporating anti-TB drugs have been developed for target site actions. NPs encapsulating anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel have also been developed for treatment of different types of cancers. Results of these studies give hopes to the researchers for the use of nanoparticles in the field of therapeutics. The NPs can be toxic as well as nontoxic to the biological system. Therefore, some adverse effects, such as, cytotoxicity on inhaling some kinds of nanoparticles must be kept in mind for judicious use of such systems during synthesis or during handling. The paper describes recent developments in the field by reviewing the available literature.
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