<strong>Orientation:</strong> The statistical record of change and improvement interventions to deliver on expectations is notoriously poor. Yet, new interventions are started constantly.<p><strong>Research purpose:</strong> The aim is to provide an explanation to the lure behind interventions and to contribute to building a theory on plausible systems psychodynamic drivers and mechanisms of recurrent change interventions.</p><p><strong>Motivation for the study:</strong> This study provides insights into social defences in ways that did not receive much attention previously; specifically how defence mechanisms act as drivers for new change and improvement interventions.</p><p><strong>Research design, approach and method:</strong> A literature study, consisting of a literature review and a phenomenological analysis. The study was conducted from the systems psychodynamic approach.</p><p><strong>Main findings:</strong> Improvement interventions often represent defences that serve to contain anxieties or maintain fantasies. Four specific themes emerged: interventions defend the perception of being in control, they maintain the fantasy that one is busy with worthy actions to overcome challenges, they are defences against boredom or contain anxieties about incompetence, and they maintain the fantasy of being heroic leaders.</p><p><strong>Practical/managerial implications:</strong> The findings can assist leaders to understand their own defences in order to avoid embarking on non-essential interventions. This can free up much time, energy and effort to spend on other priorities, assisting organisations to achieve better results.</p><p><strong>Contribution/value-add:</strong> The study refutes the notion that improvement interventions are always rational coping mechanisms and highlights the role of improvement interventions as defences to reduce anxiety, even though they may contribute little to organisational survival in real terms.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article:</strong><br /> De Klerk, J.J. (2012). Improvement interventions: To what extent are they manifestations of social defences? <em>SA Journal of Industrial Psycholgy/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 38</em>(2), Art. #999, 10 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v38i2.999</p>
One of the main challenges to achieving the much desired sustainable development is to identify the paths so as to realize the transition from speech to sustainable practice. One of the first aspects necessary for this transition is the change in the forms of production and consumption. This article aims to analyze the beliefs of individuals about the sustainability issue are related to the behavior of sustainable consumption. When investigating this relationship opens the opportunity to shed light on the factors that may influence consumption in order to make it sustainable. Therefore, validated instruments were used in the research from previous study of the constructs beliefs in sustainability and sustainable consumption behavior in a sample of brazilian and paraguayan students. Data analysis occurred through structural equation modeling. The results showed that, for the brazilian sample, the beliefs of individuals concerning the sustainability influence their willingness to sustainable consumption, however, this relationship was not true for the sample of paraguayan students. And cultural factors related to the understanding of stage about the sustainability for both countries are possible explanations for the results.
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a influência da quantidade de servidores e o tempo de serviço sobre indicadores do BSC. Definiu-se como problema de pesquisa: “Qual a relação da quantidade de servidores e o tempo de serviço nos índices de desempenho das agências da Previdência Social?”. Os dados utilizados referem-se às 17 agências da Previdência Social vinculadas à Gerência Executiva de Cascavel. Elaboraram-se, para a análise, quatro hipóteses de pesquisa. Utilizaram-se dados do Plano de Ação de cada agência, posteriormente consolidados em planilha eletrônica. Utilizou-se do software SPSS Statistics, para análises estatísticas. Procedeu-se à aplicação do reste Shapiro-Wilk, para análise da normalidade, por se tratar de teste adequado para amostras reduzidas (n < 30). Ato contínuo, efetuou-se o teste de correlação de Spearman. Da análise dos resultados, todas as hipóteses foram refutadas, indicando que a variação na quantidade de servidores ou de tempo de serviço não apresentam mudanças significativas nos índices do BSC.
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