Cómo citar / How to cite J. I. Torres-Osorio, J. E. Aranzazu-Osorio y M. V. Carbonell-Padrino, "Efecto del campo magnético estático homogéneo en la germinación y absorción de agua en semillas de soja", Tecno Lógicas, vol. 18, no. 35, pp. 11-20, 2015. ResumenSe presentan los resultados del estudio del efecto en la germinación y la absorción de agua en semillas de soja expuestas a campo magnético estático homogéneo de 125 y 300 mT durante 10, 20 y 60 minutos, usando como fuentes magnéticas un electroimán con núcleos cilíndricos (homogeneidad del 98%) y un conjunto de imanes toroidales (homogeneidad del 88%). Se realizaron dos experimentos factoriales con cuatro repeticiones de veinticinco semillas por tratamiento; un experimento con generación activa de campo magnético (electroimán) y otro con generación pasiva (imanes). Los resultados mostraron que hay mejor respuesta al usar el electroimán que ofrece mayor homogeneidad. En la germinación se determinó que el tiempo medio de germinación (TMG) y los tiempos para que germinaran el 10%, 25%, 50% y 75% de las semillas presentaron diferencias significativas respecto al control, disminuyendo estos tiempos entre 22,89% y 5,09% para los tratamientos de 125 mT-10 min y 300 mT-10 min. En el estudio de la absorción de agua se observó que en los tratamientos que expresaron mejor respuesta en la germinación se presenta una tendencia a incrementar esta capacidad durante las primeras 6 horas después de la siembra, sin embargo, no se registraron diferencias significativas para la absorción con respecto al control. Palabras claveGerminación, absorción de agua, estimulación magnética, soja, tiempo medio de germinación (TMG). AbstractWe present the results of the study of the effect on germination and seed water absorption on soybean exposed to homogeneous magnetic field of 125 and 300 mT during 10, 20, and 60 minutes, using as magnetic sources an electromagnet with cylindrical cores (homogeneity of 98%) and a set of toroidal magnets (homogeneity of 88%). The results showed better response in using the electromagnet that provides greater homogeneity. In the germination was determined that the mean germination time (MGT) and times necessary to germinate 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% significantly decreased relative to control, for treatments 125 mT-10 min and 300 mT-10 min. For the water absorption was observed that in treatments expressed better response in germination show a tendency to increase the capacity of water absorption during the first 6 hours after seeding, however no significant differences in the absorption with respect to the control were recorded. KeywordsGermination, water absorption, magnetic treatment, soybean, mean germination time (MGT).Efecto del campo magnético estático homogéneo en la germinación y absorción de agua en semillas de soja
The effect of homogeneous static magnetic stimulation on Zea mays L. (maize) seeds and its potential utility as a tool in biotechnological development for the improvement of maize seeds was studied. The values of magnetic flux density that influenced the biological development of some plant species of the Poaceae family were determined from a literature review. ICA V-305 variety corn seeds were exposed to seven values of magnetic flux density between 50.0 mT and 250.0 mT, with homogeneity of 98.4% and at (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0) min exposure times. The mean germination time (MGT), index of germination speed (VGer) and germination rate (Gmax) were evaluated as responses. The magnetic flux density of 50.0 mT with a one-minute exposure time recorded the largest reduction (12.4%) in the MGT while the germination rate for the same treatment increased by 17.4% with respect to the control. No significant effects of the magnetic treatment were recorded for the Gmáx . The magnetic treatment of seeds with homogeneous static fields does not have as favourable a response as the treatments with fields with magnetic gradients, that is to say, using toroidal magnets.
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