Hemitrichia leiocarpa was collected in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, in 1968, and five decades passed before its second collection in the country. The species was rediscovered in the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve, municipality of Quebrangulo, state of Alagoas, 225 km from the first location. A description of specimens that sporulated in moist chamber culture prepared with ground litter and deposited in the Myxomycetes collection of the UFP Herbarium is provided. Detailed and updated information on the worldwide geographical distribution of the species is provided, as well as information on substrates and microhabitats based on bibliographic sources and herbarium catalogues. The species can be considered near threatened (NT) based on IUCN criteria and its inclusion in the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species is recommended.
The Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest is considered one of the world biodiversity hotspots, with high levels of endemism. Studies on the myxobiota of Atlantic Rainforest have been carried out mainly in the Northeast region of Brazil but the ground litter microhabitat has only been included in a few of these studies. This study aimed to record the composition and diversity of the myxobiota of the ground litter of Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve and to expanding the knowledge about the microbiota of Atlantic Rainforest. Samples of ground litter were collected at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season and 1,080 moist chambers were mounted. The identification of the specimens obtained were based on a morphological examination. Were obtained 86 specimens, identified, and registered in the UFP herbarium. Plasmodia and/ or sporocarps were recorded in 23.7% of the moist chambers. The inventory resulted in 13 new records for Alagoas raising the number of known species in the state to 61. Perichaena longipes and Stemonitopsis gracilis are registered for the first time in Northeast Brazil and in the Atlantic Rainforest, Macbrideola spinosispora is the first record for Brazil and Licea sp. is likely a new taxon. A key to identify the species occurring in Alagoas is presented, as well as, distribution and comments of the species in Brazil.
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