Outbreaks in temporary camps are an important risk for the health of the displaced population. The town of Lorca (Murcia, Spain) suffered 2 earthquakes on May 2011 that required the re-housing of 1,424 victims in a temporary camp. Following 4 cases of chickenpox control measures were adopted among the displaced population. These measures included vaccination against chickenpox; due to the existence of cases of measles in adjacent regions, it was decided to offer measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination as well. The immunization campaign was performed during 2 d (3 to 4 d after the first case). The immunity status of 1,041 (73,1%) of the residents was reviewed. Being vaccinated 523 (67%) against chickenpox and MMR, 133 (17%) against only MMR and 124 (16%) against only chickenpox. We consider the action taken was a success, as only 4 additional cases of chickenpox were subsequently recorded in the campsite, being avoidable only one of them. There is a major risk of outbreaks in a disaster situation. Because of this, conducting preventive actions are indicated to avoid doing worse this critical.
The most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza is through strain‐specific vaccination. In this study, we investigated the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell‐based trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Certainty of evidence for key outcomes was assessed using the GRADE methodology. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 868 full‐text articles were assessed for relevance. Of these, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. No relative efficacy data were identified for the direct comparison of cell‐based vaccines compared with traditional vaccines (egg‐based). Efficacy data were available comparing cell‐based trivalent influenza vaccines with placebo in adults (aged 18–49 years). Overall vaccine efficacy was 70% against any influenza subtype (95% CI 61%–77%, two RCTS), 82% against influenza A(H1N1) (95% CI 71%–89%, 2 RCTs), 72% against influenza A(H3N2) (95% CI 39%–87%, 2 RCTs) and 52% against influenza B (95% CI 30%–68%, 2 RCTs). Limited and heterogeneous data were presented for effectiveness when compared with no vaccination. One NRSI compared cell‐based trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination with traditional trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination, finding a small but significant difference in favour of cell‐based vaccines for influenza‐related hospitalisation, hospital encounters and physician office visits. The safety profile of cell‐based trivalent vaccines was comparable to traditional trivalent influenza vaccines. Compared with placebo, cell‐based trivalent influenza vaccines have demonstrated greater efficacy in adults aged 18–49 years. Overall cell‐based vaccines are well‐tolerated in adults, however, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these vaccines compared with traditional seasonal influenza vaccines is limited.
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