Introducción: la utilización terapéutica del flúor para reducir morbilidad oral es conocida; sin embargo, su ingesta excesiva está asociada a fluorosis dental y esquelética, razón para evaluar el riesgo en salud por ingesta de flúor vehiculizado por agua en la población colombiana. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con enfoque de riesgo con información antropométrica de ENSIN - 2005, parámetros de consumo de agua de la OMS y concentraciones de flúor en agua de SIVICAP 2012-2016. Se estimó la exposición en niños (0-11 años), adolescentes (12-17 años) adultos (>18 años) en @RISK (V.5.5). El modelo matemático de probabilidades basado en la simulación de Montecarlo consideró las variables de consumo de agua (l/día), concentración del contaminante (mg/l) y peso corporal (kg). Se calculó el coeficiente de peligrosidad para contrastar las exposiciones obtenidas por cada grupo de edad con la dosis de referencia para flúor en fluorosis dental. Resultados: se identificó riesgo de fluorosis dental por consumo de agua en niños de diferentes departa- mentos: Guainía (195/1000), Meta (118/1000), Tolima (87/1000). La exposición en niños se encontró en un intervalo de 0,0025 a 0,25 mg/kg pc/día. En adolescentes y adultos el intervalo fue de 0,001 a 0,30 mg/ kg pc/día. Conclusiones: se debe monitorizar el flúor en alimentos que generen riesgo para la salud pública por medio de medidas sanitarias que regulen su consumo según estándares de exposición, evitando sobrepasar los límites máximos establecidos por la normatividad vigente. Es importante fortalecer la vigilancia centinela de la exposición a flúor en agua para consumo humano en los departamentos de Guainía, Meta y Tolima.
Background. Dietary exposure to mercury in women of childbearing age could result in neurological effects on the fetus. A health risk assessment of total mercury by fishery products intake has not been conducted in this population group in Bogota, Colombia. On the other hand, it has been suggested that selenium content on fishery products may have a protective effect against mercury toxicity. Nevertheless, selenium content on fish species marketed in Bogotá has not been determined. Objective. Exposure risk to total mercury and selenium content on fishery products consumed by women of childbearing age from Bogota, Colombia, were assessed. Methods. Total mercury and selenium concentrations for products available at fish stores and supermarkets were determined. The exposure risk to total mercury was estimated considering the intake of these products by women of childbearing age group. Results. Total mercury highest concentrations were 0.8166 mg/kg in mota (Calophysus macropterus), and 0.6275 mg/kg in catfish (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum). On the other hand, the highest selenium concentration was 0.6471 mg/kg in nicuro (Pimelodus blochii). Finally, it was established that for women of the childbearing age group, health risk of exposure to total mercury due to mota intake exceeded by 8.56-fold the reference dose. Conclusions. Mota intake considerably increases exposure risk to total mercury on women of childbearing age from Bogota, Colombia. The selenium levels established in the fishery products assessed, except for catfish and mota, are theoretically suggestive of a protective effect of selenium against mercury toxicity. Consequently, continuous total mercury concentrations monitoring is required to protect health of the women of childbearing age and the general population from Bogota, Colombia.
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