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Mitochondria are maternally inherited semi-autonomous organelles that play a central role in redox balance,
energy metabolism, control of integrated stress responses, and cellular homeostasis. The molecular communication
between mitochondria and the nucleus is intricate and bidirectional in nature. Though mitochondrial genome encodes for a
number of key proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, several regulatory factors encoded by nuclear DNA are
prominent contributors to mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The loss of synergy between this reciprocal control of
anterograde (nuclear to mitochondrial) and retrograde (mitochondrial to nuclear) signaling, triggers epigenomic
imbalance, and affects mitochondrial function and global gene expressions. Recent expansions of our knowledge on
mitochondrial epigenomics have offered novel perspectives for the study of several non-communicable diseases including
cancer. As mitochondria are considered beacons for pharmacological interventions, new frontiers in targeted delivery
approaches could provide opportunities for effective disease management and cure through reversible epigenetic
reprogramming. This review focuses on recent progress in the area of mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk and epigenetic
regulation of mitochondrial DNA methylation, mitochondrial micro RNAs, and post-translational modification of
mitochondrial nucleoid-associated proteins that hold major opportunities for targeted drug delivery and clinical
translation.
Negative pressures of the industrial world have led to establishment of
Brundtland Commission report stating importance of sustainable
development for inter and intra generational equity in 1987. Since then
sustainable development goals have been marked for poverty alleviation,
clean and affordable water, energy security, environment, and
agriculture sectors. The global concern of climate change,
desertification, and degradation led threats, impact, and resilience for
landuse and livelihood is incorporated in sustainable development goals.
Sustainable development goals for climate action are met using multiple
approaches. Transformative approaches are one such set of approaches for
meeting environment challenges for landuse and ecological transient
areas or ecotones of agriculture, grasslands, and wetlands affected by
human and natural disturbances. Nature based solution falls under
transformative approaches and matches the policy efforts on sustainable
development goals on decade on restoration and climate positive action
for land use and livelihoods. Regeneration potential of natural sites
after anthropogenic or natural disturbances is reflected by vegetation
health, soil health, and ecology of ecotones. The potential to
regenerate is characteristic for ecosystems to revive against
anthropogenic and ecological pressures. This facilitates to understand
the restoration processes for land degradation and succession changes in
an ecosystem. Ecotones are transient ecological regions between
different ecosystems and are sensitive sites to study vegetation change
due to pressures of globalized world. To detect the changes in
vegetation due to climate, desertification, and land degradation on
ecotones, we are using NDVI. We are using it for time series analysis
for vegetation based changes. We are analyzing vegetation changes over a
period of twenty years at a frequency of two weeks. We expect to see
changes in the vegetation growth in the presence of anthropogenic and
climate impacts.
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