Objective: The present study was undertaken to study the variations in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) with various factors like age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in healthy women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India. Material and Methods:Three hundred healthy women who were aged 20-50 years were selected from the Malwa region of Punjab and their PEFRs were determined. The influences of age, height, weight, BSA and BMI on the PEFR were studied. The PEFR test was performed by using a mini Wright Peak Expiratory flow meter. Results:The mean PEFR of the women of the Malwa region of Punjab was found to be 395.87 ± 56.81 litres/minute. The PEFR increased with an increase in the age, height, weight and the BSA, but it decreased with an increase in the BMI. Conclusion:This study generated the preliminary values of PEFR for the women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India.
Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) inside protective structures under cropped conditions significantly affects the plant growth and productivity through its direct relationship with crop transpiration or irrigation management. Thus, monitoring VPD inside greenhouse during crop growth period becomes essential to limit it to a desired range. The present study was undertaken to develop mathematical models for predicting SVP, AVP and VPD inside a greenhouse independently using internal and external climatic parameters as inputs. The root mean square error (RMSE) was obtained in the range of 0.03-0.10 kPa and 0.27-1.03 kPa respectively for the models developed from internal and external climatic parameters as model inputs. The average model efficiency (neff) was computed to be 98.7 per cent, 92.2 per cent and 100.0 per cent respectively for SVP, AVP and VPD when predictions were made using internal climate asinput. Similarly, for the models developed from external climate as model input, neff was worked out to be 96.7, 86.1 and 93.0 per cent for SVP, AVP and VPD respectively. The developed models presented a high degree of precision in predicting SVP, AVP and VPD with both internal and external climatic conditions as model inputs inside a naturally ventilated greenhouse under cucumber crop in soilless media.
Global climate change brings many disasters like floods and droughts which pose great danger to human life. Pollution and greenhouse gases also affect agriculture adversely. Environmental degradation occupies the place of utmost importance when it comes to green debate. Environmental pollution can be reduced greatly by providing bathing water, pure air quality and access to neat and clean drinking water. These measures will ensure that the ambitions of climatic health and valuable environment are achieved at the earliest. In this research paper, I illustrate the international causes of degradation of environmental, climate change and its implication for agriculture growth. The paper argues that such certainty components can be projected by altering the current slowed perspectives on the problem talking the load from recent conceptual work on “cumulative change” as against” system change” to properly understand global environmental. Change and environmental degradation, the paper presents an approach to identify and use the” certainty components” it is strong point is that it help to warming. The research at hand is a review on the study survey associated by reduction of environment risk, water, air pollution, enhanced quality of water and betterment of climate factors.
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