Financing is an important aspect of any program for successful transformation. Financial commitment of government is considered to be the highest form of commitment for successful work. Without budgetary provision, no program can achieve the desired target. The role of health financing of central government, international donor agencies, provincial government, and local bodies have been identified. The paper focused on monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for health financing in the context of recent developments. Health financing models have been discussed to gain an understanding about relation of financing and overall healthcare development. The search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and jstor (journal storage) were consulted to unearth the mechanism of health finances for development of good health. The paper put forth various themes and sub-themes according to financial implications on health structure of India. All healthcare programs need a continuous stream of resources like medicine, workforce, physical infrastructure, monitoring, and evaluation to achieve good health. Whereas, different stakeholders also need financial support to evolve with great vigour and vivacity. There is a pressing need to infuse financial resources into public health system for achievement of universal health care rather than incremental growth in traditional financial processes spreading over several decades. The specific roles and responsibilities of central, provincial, local governments and international donors have to be delineated to expedite resource mobilisation. However, while implementing programs, there should be coordination among all the stakeholders.
Introduction: The health and well-being among children is an important parameter for the measurement of the progress of a nation, which is also most precious asset in the community for socio-economic development in long run. It is not wise to neglect the health rights of the children in the process of nation building. The under-five children are the most vulnerable group in a society in which there is lack of guarantee for adequate nutrition and social protection. The lack of essential health services ultimately leads to childhood diseases like diarrhoea, respiratory infections, and measles in various parts of India. Aim: To understand the socio-demographic and morbidity pattern among the children of under five years in a district of Telangana state, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken by interviewing mothers with the help of a predesigned and pretested questionnaire to understand the morbidity pattern of children under five years in the rural areas of Adilabad district, Telangana, India. The study was conducted in March 2015 in 30 villages. The study assessed various determinates of morbidity by applying scientific principles. The sample size was calculated as 210. The data was analysed by using MS Excel spread sheet and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to understand the morbidity pattern. Descriptive statistical tests were done to find out the results. Results: The result confirms that 154 (73.33%) of the children under five years have several forms of morbidities. The most common morbidity was Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) (25.71%), which is followed by worm infestation (8.09%), diarrhoea (20%), fever (7.61%), scabies (7.61%), asthma (2.3%) and seizure (fits) (1.9%) in last three months from the data collection. All these diseases are prevalent in rural areas of high concern due to the impeding morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The ARI and diarrhoea were found to be the cause of concern among under-five children, which dominate the morbidity pattern. The factors responsible with such precarious situation were deeply entrenched conditions like illiteracy, poor socio-economic conditions, poor environmental sanitation, and increased birth order among the population.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the world’s biggest and unique programme for nutrition and childcare, launched way back on 2 October 1975 by the Government of India. It is a centrally subsidised scheme implemented by states across the country for the benefit of children, especially for vulnerable groups. The scheme’s main objective is to improve the health and nutritional condition of children below six years of age, along with pregnant women and lactating mothers. The objective of the study is to critically analyse functions of the ICDS Scheme in the state of Odisha about implementation and monitoring. The analysis was done with the help of secondary literature and available data from government documents. The opinion and experience of various stakeholders like Anganwadi workers, supervisors and other government staff have been analysed for this purpose. This article describes existing policies and procedures of food procurement, storing, supply, cooking, production and serving cycle under ICDS Scheme in Odisha. The recommendations of the study may help for future improvement of various thrust areas of the ICDS Scheme. The article brings out critical factors accountable for the efficient implementation of the ICDS programme. Further, the study evaluates the ICDS Scheme based on existing government guidelines to reach out to the masses in Odisha.
The Government of India initiated the second-largest food security programme, named the mid-day meal (MDM) Scheme to tackle nutrition-related issues, especially for children in backward communities. The main aim of the MDM Scheme in government and government-aided schools is to improve physical and economic access to nutritious food for children. The study evaluates the challenges regarding the existing practices in implementing the MDM Scheme in two blocks of the Rayagada district (Odisha, India). Rayagada district is one of the tribal districts with a high malnutrition condition among children. Further, the two blocks have been selected based on the implementation of MDM on a unique project basis in a resource crunch area. The study shows that the MDM Scheme has challenges with critical implementation issues such as delays in delivery, low-quality food, lack of water facilities and unhygienic cooking and serving practices. The findings have implications for effective implementation of the programme in similar contexts.
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