The present study aimed to extract the LST and analyses its relationship with land-use/land cover and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) in the greater Arba Minch, Rift valley, Ethiopia. The study was conducted for the two periods (08 Dec 2013 and 27 Dec 2020). The LST results show that 8 0 C, 7 0 C, and 38 0 C, 34 0 C are low and high during 2013 and 2020. A supervised image classification method was carried out in ArcGIS software to map the different LULC units in the present study area. Overall, the LULC dynamics indicate a notable increment in shrubland & plantation and, settlement and barren land. And, the forest and water bodies have decreased in small amounts, and bushland has reduced considerably. The current study's NDVI results indicate a notable decrease in the forest area and NDWI values, indicating shrinkage of water bodies during 2020. There are significant positive changes in NDBI value from 2013 to 2020.
Groundwater quality assessment study was conducted in Wera Dijo, Southern Ethiopia. The study's objective is to understand water chemistry suitability for domestic and irrigation activities. In the study area, only regional hydrochemistry work has been done; hence this study focused on the detailed water chemistry of the study area. Twenty-eight shallow and deep water samples were collected, and major physical and chemical parameters were studied. The important hydrochemical facies of water present throughout this region are Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Mg–SO4 and Na–HCO3–Cl. Except for fluoride, sodium, and potassium ion, the levels of major cation and anion were found to be below the World Health Organization's allowable limits for drinking purposes in the majority of the study area. The fluoride ion in groundwater exceeded the highest allowable amount of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water in fifteen of the samples. The sodium percentage, permeability index, sodium absorption ratio and The United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) categorization were used to evaluate the water in this study location for irrigation purposes. Based on several water quality parameters overall, the research area water chemistry was suitable for drinking, agricultural activity and industrial use.
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