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In the present study, 23 genotypes of mungbean were evaluated for stability performance under different environments continuously for three years during kharif 2016 (E1), 2017 (E2) and 2018 (E3) under rainfed conditions. Genotype Pusa Vishal exhibited regression coefficient equal to unity with non-significant deviation from regression coefficient and hence showed wider adaptability under poor or good environments. Genotype EC520016 showed earliness in maturity with wider adaptability. Environmental indices indicated that environment E2 and E3 were most favourable for yield and majority of yield attributing traits, whereas E3 alone was important for seed yield/plant and no. of seeds/pod. Based on AMMI models, Pusa Vishal, PD139, IPM2-3, IPM2057 and PML2-14 showed higher IPCA scores coupled with high population mean in E3. AMMI2 analysis indicated ML2056, and K851 with high IPCA1 in E3 whereas IPM99-125, BM63 and PM2-14 with high IPCA2 in the same environment. Genotypes which positioned very close to centre point and are least affected by G x E interactions while those presented away from the point of centre are more affected by G x E interactions and hence not stable. Identified genotypes may be utilized in improvement programme of Vigna radiata for targeted environments.

The present investigation was planned and executed during spring and summer seasons of 2007 to 2010 at Vegetable Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Main Campus, Chatha. The experimental material include 60 diverse genotypes of tomato collected from various places including Indian Institute of Vegetable Research Institute (IIVR) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh and some local cultivars. The observations were recorded on yield and quality traits to generate information regarding the extent of genetic variability, heritability and expected genetic advance. Analysis of coefficient of variation revealed that the magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than that of the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the seven characters under study. The highest values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were recorded for fruit yield, number of locules per fruit and pericarp thickness. High genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) were recorded for yield polygalacturonase activity and pericarp thickness. High heritability was recorded for most of the characters, namely, pericarp thickness, polygalacturonase activity and alcohol insoluble solids. The above results are quite encouraging for advancing in tomato breeding.

Advances in proteome research have opened the gateway to understanding numerous metabolic pathways and fundamental mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity of four tomato genotypes i.e., Kashi Amrit, Kashi Anupam, EC-317-6-1, and WIR-4360 was determined under drought stress to ascertain the scavenging potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) activities in all the four genotypes under drought stress was observed, which seemed to be associated with a protective role against ROS (p < 0.001). Based on the antioxidant enzyme activities, a proteomic approach was applied to study differential protein expression in two selected genotypes from different species i.e., EC-317-6-1 (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and Kashi Amrit (Solanum lycopersicum) grown under irrigated, drought, and re-watering conditions. To reveal the protein network regulated under these conditions, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed to identify and quantify the number of proteins in drought-sensitive (Kashi Amrit) and tolerant (EC-317-6-1) genotypes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight analysis (MALDI-TOF) revealed a total of 453 spots after fine-tuning factors i.e., smoothness, saliency, and minimum area that responded to drought. Out of 453 total spots, 93 spots were identified in Kashi Amrit and 154 in EC-317-6-1 under irrigated conditions, whereas 4 spots were identified in Kashi Amrit and 77 spots in EC-317-6-1 under drought conditions. Furthermore, differentially expressed proteins were distinguished according to the fold change of their expression. Information provided in this report will be useful for the selection of proteins or genes in analyzing or improving drought tolerance in tomato cultivars. These findings may assist in the construction of a complete proteome database encompassing various divergent species which could be a valuable source for the improvement of crops under drought-stress conditions in the future.

In the present study, AMMI approaches were used to analyse the genotype x environment interactions and stability under targeted environments. The analysis of stability parameters of seed yield/plant in 25 genotypes of urdbean (Vigna mungo L,) indicated that six genotypes namely, Mash 479, PLU 499-52, PU19, PLU-4158, Pant 31 and IPU2-43 showed regression coefficient greater than unity (b-1) with non-significant S2di values and higher mean values than population mean which exhibited their stability and adaptation to specific favorable environment only. Three genotypes, PU99, No. 13/11 and No.40 indicated that regression coefficient less than unity with higher mean values than population mean with non-significant deviation from the regression coefficient (S2di) and recommended for unfavorable environments. Mash 338 and IPU 96-1 are the most stable genotypes across the environments for seed yield/plant and 1000 seed weight, respectively. Environmental indices indicated that environment (E1) and environment (E2) were the most favorable for number of primary branches/plants, days to 50% flowering, plant height and seed yield/plant, whereas environment (E3) was favorable for pod length and number of seeds/pod. AMMI 1 model exhibited that E1 and E2 were the clustered in the same group and exhibited similar type of interaction for seed yield/plant. Genotypes, PLU4158, IPU96-1, Mash479, PLU499-52 and IPU2-43 exhibited high IPCA 1 scores along with high population mean. Based on AMMI 2 model, PLU4158, IPU96-1 and IPU96-6 exhibited high IPCA scores. The selected genotypes may be utilized in Vigna mungo improvement programme in targeted location with true type of breeding lines.

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