The survival of COVID-19 in different environments may be affected by a variety of weather, pollution, and seasonal parameters. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct an ecological investigation on COVID-19 average growth rate of daily cases and deaths influenced by environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and air pollution) using a sample size of adjusted cumulative incidence of daily cases and deaths based on five sixty-day periods. Research data was gathered on official websites, including information on COVID-19, meteorological data, and air pollution indicators from December 31, 2019, to October 12, 2020, from 210 countries. Spearman correlation and generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the data. During the observed period, the COVID-19 average growth rate of daily cases (r = -0.08, P = 0.151) and deaths (r= -0.09, P = 0.207) were not correlated with humidity. Also, there was a negative relationship between the COVID-19 average growth rate of new cases and deaths with the Air Quality Index (AQI) and wind (r=-0.25, P = 0.04). Furthermore, the data related to the first and second sixty-day of the adjusted cumulative incidence of COVID-19 daily cases and deaths were not associated with humidity and Air Quality Index (AQI). The result of GAM demonstrated the effect of AQI on the average growth rate of COVID-19 new cases and deaths. This study provides evidence for a positive relationship between COVID-19 daily cases, deaths, and AQI.
Background: Some residents of the Persian Gulf Coastline (PGC) areas are circular migrants due to geo-commercial issues. They have a higher risk of HIV infection, lack of awareness, and non-disclosure of their HIV/AIDS status. These people who live with HIV (PLHIV) are considered as the bridge population for HIV transmission to general population, especially adolescents. This study sought to investigate the knowledge and behavior of adolescents about HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission in a less-developed high-risk area located along the PGC.Methods: In this cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling, 1450 students were invited to complete a standardized questionnaire. The prevalence of adequate knowledge, condom use, and stigmatization of HIV/AIDS and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) were estimated using ordinal logistic regression.Results: Totally, 17.09% (CI: 15.0- 19.3) of the students had adequate knowledge. Social networks and the internet were the most important sources of information (20.9%, CI: 18.6-23.3). Socioeconomic status (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.3), gender (0.6, CI: 0.5- 0.8), residential area (0.08, CI: 0.05-0.1), and using social networks and the internet as the main sources of information (1.5, CI: 1.1-1.9) were correlated to the level of knowledge. Furthermore, 29.8% (CI: 27.2-32.5) of the students respected the social rights of PLHIV, and 12.6% (CI: 10.7-14.6) reported condom use.Conclusion: HIV/AIDS-related educational programs are recommended in the PGC, especially for males, students from marginalized areas, and people with lower socioeconomic statuses. Social networks and the internet may be the most effective way to improve people's knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
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