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4-Phenylbutyric acid (PBA)-installed hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for amplifying the anticancer potential of curcumin (CUR) for lung cancer therapy.

The atomic structure at monatomic-height S B steps on clean Si͑001͒ and a Ni-contaminated Si͑001͒ was investigated using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature. Rebonded S B steps are dominant on clean Si͑001͒. Nonrebonded S B steps with split-off dimers are favored on the Ni-contaminated Si͑001͒ and in the vicinity of dimer vacancies on clean Si͑001͒. The nonrebonded step with the split-off dimer is generated by the strain due to dimer vacancies. A buckled dimer was observed in the vicinity of a kink of S B step edges on clean Si͑001͒.

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