Data breaches through hacking incidents have become a significant phenomenon in the world of online shopping. These breaches can result in loss of personal data belonging to customers. This study builds a research model to examine people's intention to engage in e-commerce in the context of a significant data breach (the Target breach in December 2013). In addition, this paper focuses on the difference in responses regarding post breach online shopping intent among younger adults (below 55 years) and older adults (senior citizens-above 55 years). Our findings show the importance of internal (self) monitoring of bank transactions in reducing the effect of perceptions of severity of data breaches on post breach online shopping intent particularly for senior citizens. The study also demonstrates that perceptions of severity of a hacking incident are significant drivers of perceived online shopping risk for both age groups. Further, perceptions of severity of a hacking incident are significant drivers of post breach online shopping intent but only marginally significant for younger adults. Trusting beliefs in online shopping services and attitude towards e-commerce are significant for the older generation for post breach online shopping intentions and also for younger adults. Gender is significant for seniors while it is not significant for younger adults. The impact of perceived online shopping risk on post breach online shopping is significantly different between the two age groups. The implication of this research lies in informing shopping websites the need to prepare better plans for notifying customers about not only data breaches but their proposed mitigation steps so as to increase trust and reduce perceived risks associated with online shopping.

Social Network Services (SNS) such as Twitter play a significant role in reporting media, particularly during the extreme events. We examined the impact of tweet features on the diffusion of two types of messages during 2013 Boston marathon tragedy-rumor related and non-rumor related (both in the context of the Boston tragedy). Negative binomial analysis revealed that tweet features such as reaction time, number of followers, and usage of hashtag have an impact on tweet message diffusion during the tragedy. The number of followers showed a positive relationship with message diffusion. However, the relationship between tweet reaction time and message diffusion was negative. Finally, tweet messages that did not include hashtags diffused more than messages that contained hashtags. This paper contributes by adapting the innovation diffusion model to explore tweet message diffusion in Twitter space during extreme events.

The risk of CHD has been linked to n-3 and trans-fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that lower n-3 fatty acids and higher trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with an increased risk of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and that fatty acid profiles can discriminate MI cases from controls. Fifty cases with acute non-fatal MI and fifty age-and sex-matched controls without MI were recruited. The Omega-3 Index (the sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes) was significantly lower in cases than controls (9·57 (SEM 0·28) v. 11·81 (SEM 0·35) %; P,0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were significantly higher (1·01 (SEM 0·04) v. 0·56 (SEM 0·03) %; P,0·001). The Omega-3 Index was associated with decreased risk of MI (OR 0·08 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·38); P¼0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of MI (OR 72·67 (95 % CI 6·68, 790·74); P,0·001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of fatty acid profiles was larger than that for traditional risk factors, suggesting that fatty acid profiles make a higher contribution to the discrimination of MI cases from controls compared with modified Framingham risk factors. In conclusion, a higher Omega-3 Index and lower trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with a decreased risk of MI. Furthermore, fatty acid profiles improve discrimination of acute non-fatal MI compared with established risk factors.

We intentionally generated surface defects in WSe2 using a low energy argon (Ar+) ion-beam. We were unable to detect any changes in lattice structure through Raman spectroscopy as expected through simulation. Meanwhile, atomic force microscopy showed roughened surfaces with a high density of large protruding spots. Defect-activated Photoluminescence (PL) revealed a binding energy reduction of the W 4f core level indicating significant amounts of defect generation within the bandgap of WSe2 even at the lowest studied 300 eV ion-beam energy. The intensity ratio increase of direct PL peak demonstrated the decoupling of surface layers, which behave like consecutive defective monolayers. Electrical measurements after post-irradiation showed p-type ohmic contacts regardless of the ion-beam energy. The resulting ohmic contact contributed to an increased on/off current ratio, mobility enhancement of around 350 cm2V-1s-1 from a few cm2V-1s-1 in pristine devices and electron conduction suppression. Further increased ion-beam energy over 700 eV resulted in a high shift of threshold voltage and diminished subthreshold slope due to increased surface roughness and boosted interface scattering. The origin of the ohmic contact behavior in p-type WSe2 is expected to be from chalcogen vacancy defects of a certain size which pins the Fermi level near the valence band minimum. An optimized ion-beam irradiation process could provide solutions for fabricating ohmic contacts to transition metal dichalcogenides.

2',6'-Dimethyltyrosine-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 provides a cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in vivo.

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It is feasible and safe to achieve regional myocardial hypothermia by intracoronary infusion of cooled solution in pigs.

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