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PurposeThis study was performed to assess the compatibility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) synthesized cephalograms with conventional cephalograms, and to find a method for obtaining normative values for three-dimensional (3D) assessments.Materials and MethodsThe sample group consisted of 10 adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces. They were imaged using conventional and CBCT cephalograms. The CBCT cephalograms were synthesized from the CBCT data using OnDemand 3D software. Twenty-one angular and 12 linear measurements from each imaging modality were compared and analyzed using paired-t test.ResultsThe linear measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) except for the U1 to facial plane distance. The angular measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) with the exception of the gonial angle, ANB difference, and facial convexity.ConclusionTwo-dimensional cephalometric norms could be readily used for 3D quantitative assessment, if corrected for lateral cephalogram distortion.

This paper presents both experimental and analytical research results for predicting the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM). In order to assess the efficiency of the FRCM-strengthening method, six beams were strengthened in flexure with FRCM composite having different amounts and layers of FRP fabric and were tested under four-point loading. From test results, it was confirmed that the slippage between the FRP fabric and matrix occurs at a high strain level, and all of the FRCM-strengthened beams failed by the debonding of the FRCM. Additionally, a new bond strength model for FRCM considering the slippage between fabric and matrix was proposed, using a test database to predict the strengthening performance of the FRCM composite. The prediction of the proposed bond strength model agreed well with the debonding loads of the test database.

We have developed a high image quality OLED Display with motion blur reduction technology. Our latest work includes driving method which reduces motion blur using an adaptive black data insertion, brightness compensation technology, the simple structure pixel with low capacitance coupling for horizontal noise, and the multi-function integrated gate driver. The MPRT value of the OLED display panel with a fast response time was significantly affected by the frame frequency and the compensation driving method. The decrease in the MPRT value originated from the turning of the emitting pixels off in advance resulting from providing black data. The integrated gate drivers were designed to achieve the normal display, the black data insertion, and the compensation mode. The MPRT value of the 65inch UHD OLED panels was decreased to 3.4ms by using an integrated gate driver circuit. The motion blur of large-size OLED display panels was significantly reduced due to a decrease in the MPRT value.

This paper proposes the mixing design of concrete having modified sulfur-coated aggregate (MSCA) to enhance the durability of Portland cement concrete. The mechanical properties and durability of the proposed MSCA concrete were evaluated experimentally. Melting-modified sulfur was mixed with aggregate in order to coat the aggregate surface at a speed of 20 rpm for 120 s. The MSCA with modified sulfur corresponding to 5% of the cement weight did not significantly affect the flexural strength in a prism concrete beam specimen, regardless of the water-cement ratio (W/C). However, a dosage of more than 7.5% decreased the flexural strength. On the other hand, the MSCA considerably improved the resistance to the sulfuric acid and the freezing-thawing, regardless of the sulfur dosage in the MSCA. The coating modified sulfur of 5% dosage consequently led to good results for the mechanical properties and durability of MSCA concrete.

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For distributed multimedia services, it is essential that quality of service be guaranteed systemwide, including end systems, communication systems, and networks. Although many researchers have addressed issues of QoS mana ement, little attention has so far been paid to the QoS management services in Jstributed multime dia services and applications. To address this deficiency, we have designed a layered model for end-to-end QoS management called the QoS management framework. Our framework, which is CORBA-based, includes a eneric QoS MIB ed to perform various QoS functions. A key component of this framework is the QoS Management Service Object, which orchestrates resources at endpoints, coordinating resource management across layer boundaries. Services such as translation, monitoring, admission, and negotiation are provided by the QMSO. To validate this concept, we have developed a QoS management system for managing and controlling the QoS of a distributed multimedia system called MAESTRO. The QoS management system has been implemented through CORBA objects and provides an interface to multimedia applications, which can be used for dynamic negotiation and renegotiation of QoS by users. Some performance results in QoS negotiation and renegotiation are also presented.for the QoS parameterization of various multimedia services and 4i t e services needhe widespread use of distributed multimedia applications is setting forth a new set of challenges in networking, including management of network resources in order to guarantee quality of service (QoS) [l-31. As users become more familiar with multimedia services, QoS must be approached from the user's perspective as well as from the system or network perspective which has mainly been addressed so far [4-71. The user must be given the opportunity to express hislher requirements for receiving service in terms of QoS parameters familiar to himher. In turn, these parameters can then be translated into parameters provided by the underlying systems and networks, satisfying the user's needs [8].Distributed multimedia services and applications are timecritical and need management support for ensuring the QoS agreed upon by the user and provider [9, 101. An important aspect of these services is that they require QoS guarantees for the transfer and processing of continuous media data (e.g., video and audio). Emerging networks such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) [ l l ] and the proposed integrated services with reservations [12-141 can, to a certain extent, provide guarantees on bandwidth and delay for data transfer. Also, modern computer systems now have sufficient processing power and I/O bandwidth to handle continuous media. In such distributed multimedia computing environments, management has to promote QoS guarantees for each level of the system because the overall QoS depends on the combined QoS of the underlying systems and networks [15].The end-to-end management, therefore, has to include management capabilities for each layer participating in the delivery of the serv...

We present a facile and scalable coating method based on controlled airbrushing, which is suitable for conformal resin coating in continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process. By controlling the concentration of UV-curable polymeric resin with mixing the volatile solvent and its airbrushing time, the coated resin film thickness can be readily tuned. After R2R NIL using a flexible nanoscale line pattern (nanograting) mold is conducted upon the airbrushed resin film, a large-area uniform nanograting pattern is fabricated with controlled residual layer thickness (RLT) based on the initial film thickness. We investigate the faithful airbrushing condition that can reliably create the uniform thin films as well as various nanopatterns with controlled morphologies. Using more diluted resin and shorter airbrushing time can reduce the RLTs favourably for many applications, yet is apt to induce the nanoscale pores and discontinued lines. We also discuss how to further improve the quality and scalability of resin airbrushing and its potential applications particularly requiring high-speed and conformal coating on highly topographic and flexible surfaces.