In cross-sectional fashion, we recorded the maximal combined response and 30-Hz flicker responses in 178 adult diabetics and 40 normal controls according to the recommendations of the International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. The oscillatory potentials were extracted from the maximal combined response by high-pass filtering. The clear media and attached retina were criteria for inclusion in this study. The data were statistically analyzed with the expectation that this procedure may provide a new feature that could have some clinical significance. Timing delays occurred more frequently than amplitude reductions in the maximal combined response and flicker responses, while amplitude reductions were more common in the first and second oscillatory potentials. The hypernormal b-wave amplitude was rare. The summed amplitude of the oscillatory potentials was highly correlated with the total power of the oscillatory potentials (the frequency domain). A reduction of the second oscillatory potential amplitude was more common than a reduction of the summed amplitude or total power. The electroretinographic component that demonstrates retinal dysfunction in the earlier stage may be a valuable indicator. In the early stage, a delay in the a-wave time and a reduction in the second oscillatory potential amplitude were the most frequent abnormalities: analysis of variance demonstrated that the summed amplitude of the oscillatory potentials and second oscillatory potential amplitude and time were the most sensitive measures of the diabetic retina. Hence, the second oscillatory potential amplitude may be the most sensitive and valuable indicator representing a quantitative measure of overall retinal dysfunction.

Population structure and life history of the mysid Neomysis nigra Nakazawa, 1910 were studied on Jeju Island, South Korea. N. nigra was collected monthly from a shallow embayment of Jeju Island from May 2013 to May 2014. Temperature and salinity were measured during the sampling. The carapace length (CL) of N. nigra was measured. Life stages were divided into six categories and embryos in the marsupium were classified by developmental stages. During the study period, water temperatures ranged from −0.3 to 35.7°C. The CL of females was larger than that of males. The mean CL of adults was negatively correlated with water temperature. CL values in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. Brooding females and juveniles were found all year round. The abundance of juveniles was relatively higher in May, July, December, and February than in other months. The number of embryos in the marsupium increased with increasing female size. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the populations of N. nigra have four major spawning groups in a year and reproduce all year round.

No abstract

Total length, and the length of carapace and telson, are generally used to measure the size of mysid crustaceans. However, this method may not be as accurate for measuring these animals, since mysids commonly bend their abdomen when they are collected and preserved. Besides, the fragile carapace of mysids may result in less accurate outputs in such size measurements. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between carapace length and statolith diameter in Mysida. The carapace length and statolith diameter were measured in 1199 individuals of Neomysis nigra Nakazawa, 1910. The statolith diameter was significantly correlated with carapace length. It is suggested that the statolith diameter of mysids could be used as an alternative measurement for characterizing body size in these crustaceans.