IFUS using 1.5-mm or 3.0-mm transducer was safe and effective for reducing enlarged pores in Asian skin with an improvement in skin elasticity.

Combined microneedle and sublative fractional radiofrequency can have a positive therapeutic effect with no serious complications and may provide a new therapeutic approach on acne scars in Asians.

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Iatrogenic injury of the vertebral artery during cervical spine surgery though uncommon is critical. With advances in interventional endovascular techniques, the therapeutic approach for vertebral artery injuries has changed. Nonetheless, an established strategy for their management is lacking. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm due to vertebral artery injury, during cervical spine surgery for a tumor, that was treated successfully with endovascular coiling in a plug-and-patch fashion after triple stenting failed.

Deposition of continuous and conformal copper seed layer for metallization of very large-scale integration (VLSI) fabrication using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source with DC sputter has been studied. As an ECR plasma source, permanent magnets (PM)-embedded Lisitano antenna (Ø 378 mm) which can be made independently of the wavelength 1 could be used. It was operated in the pressure range of 0.2 to 1.5 mTorr and power range of 500 to 2000 W. The argon plasma has been observed to have an electron density of ~5×10 10 cm -3 and electron temperature of 5 eV for a microwave power of 750 W and gas pressure of 0.5 mTorr. The process parameters were microwave power (500~2000 W), sputter voltage (100~800 V), operating pressure (0.1~0.5 mTorr), chuck bias (0~100W). After that we were analyzed films thickness, uniformity, step coverage, resistivity by SEM, probe station and TEM. Our results show that can be free from problem like overhang effect and poor step coverage compared with conventional method (PVD).

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Purpose To evaluate the imaging features of coronary spasm, including transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in patients with vasospastic angina (VA). Methods A total of 43 patients with a high clinical likelihood of VA were included in the study. All the subjects underwent double CCTA acquisition: CCTA without a vasodilator (‘baseline CT’) and CCTA during continuous intravenous nitrate infusion (‘IV nitrate CT’). A catheterized ergonovine provocation test was used to determine true VA patients. Coronary spasm is classified into focal- and diffuse-types according to morphological differences. We measured TAG and contrast enhancement of the proximal ostium (ProxHU) of each coronary artery for both the baseline and IV nitrate CT. Results Twenty-four patients (55.8%) showed positive results of coronary vasospasm on the provocation test. Thirty-eight vessels showed coronary spasms (29.5%): Focal-type in nine vessels (24%), and diffuse-type in 29 (76%). In the baseline CT, LCX showed significantly lower (steeper) TAG in spasm(+) vessels than in spasm(-) vessels, while LAD and RCA showed no significant differences in TAG. The ProxHU of LAD showed significantly lower values in spasm(+) vessels than in spasm(-) vessels, while the other vessels did not show significant differences in ProxHU. For IV nitrate CT, there were no significant differences in either the TAG and ProxHU between spasm(+) and (-) vessels for all the three vessel types. In subgroup analysis for spasm(+) vessels, diffuse spasms showed significantly lower TAG than focal spasms, while the ProxHU did not differ between the two types of spasm. Conclusions A relatively large percentage of coronary spasms present as diffuse type, and the TAG values significantly differed according to the morphological type of the coronary spasm.