The separation of propylene carbonate (PC) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) from their primary impurities, which include water, propylene glycol (PG), and diethyl succinate (DES) and lower the potential of PC as a solvent in lithium batteries, was investigated. Consequently, the isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria (VLEs) for the PG + PC, GBL + DES, and water + GBL binary systems, as well as the solid−liquid equilibria (SLEs) for the GBL + DES and water + GBL binary systems, were characterized. The Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) equations are used to describe the aforementioned VLEs and SLEs. Furthermore, we report the vapor pressures of PG, GBL, DES, and PC with a dynamic glass still from T = (376.99 to 485.91) K, as well as excess molar volume mixture properties (V E), deviations in the molar refraction (ΔR), and deviations in viscosity (Δη) at 298.15 K for the same compositions.

The solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) for selective solvents, used in the extraction of molybdenum (Mo) from acidic media of Mo ore, has been determined by visual method. The measured SLE data of the systems, trioctylamine (TOA) + 1-octanol, TOA + 1-decanol, and TOA + tributylphosphate (TBP), were correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) equations and also compared with the calculated values by the modified universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC) equation. In addition, the excess molar volumes (V E ) and molar refractivity deviations (∆R) data at 298.15 K were determined for the same components. These binary V E and ∆R data were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation. Furthermore, the ternary V E and ∆R for the systems TOA + TBP + 1-octanol, TOA + 1-octanol + 1-decanol, TOA + TBP + 1-decanol, and TBP + 1-octanol + 1-decanol are calculated from the correlated binary Redlich-Kister parameters using the Radojkovic ˇequation.

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