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Background We aimed to examine the association between antihypertensive use and the incidence of hospitalized pneumonia in patients with a history of stroke. Methods In this case-crossover study, we obtained data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort database. We included the data of patients with history of stroke who were admitted with a disease code of pneumonia. We analyzed the patients’ exposure to antihypertensives in the 30 (single case period), 90–120, and 150–180 days (2 control periods) before the onset of pneumonia using conditional logistic regression analysis. Additionally, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis according to diabetes status, age, and documented disability were performed. Results Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalized pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval; 95% CI]: 0.718 [0.576–0.894]). However, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and other antihypertensives were not associated with a change in hospitalized pneumonia incidence (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.902, [0.603–1.350] and 0.788 [0609–1.018], respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that ARB use was associated with a reduced incidence of hospitalized pneumonia in patients with a history of stroke who were older than 65 years, but not in younger (≤ 65 years) group (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.687 [0.536–0.880]). Conclusion ARB use is associated with a reduced incidence of hospitalized pneumonia in patients with a history of stroke, especially in older adults.

The reaction of [M(L)]Cl 2 Á 2H 2 O (M = Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ , L = 3, 14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0 1.18 ,0 7.12 ]docosane) with 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (H 2 -cpdc) generates one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded infinite chains [Ni(L)(H-cpdc) 2 ] (1) and [Cu(L)(H-cpdc) 2 ] (2) (H-cpdc = cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-1-carboxylate). These complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The crystal structures of (1) and (2) show a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the metal ion, with four secondary amines and two oxygen atoms of the H-cpdc ligand at the trans position. Complexes (1) and (2) display the one-dimensional hydrogenbonded infinite chains. The cyclic voltammogram of the complexes display two one-electron waves corresponding to M II /M III and M II /M I processes. The electronic spectra and electrochemical behavior of the complexes are significantly affected by the nature of the axial H-cpdc ligand.

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