Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASN) is being actively researched for its broad spectrum of potential applications. Particularly, submarine or whale tracking can be greatly leveraged by UWASN. These applications require the positions of sensor nodes are determined a priori, but node mobility inherent to underwater environments makes it difficult to employ existing localization methods. In this paper, we propose a novel localization scheme that minimizes the influence of node mobility. We evaluate our method analytically, and show that it performs robustly in various network settings and environment.
In-network data aggregation is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks. Because data aggregation inherently incurs a tradeoff between energy efficiency and delivery delay, several solutions have been proposed to control the waiting time before transmission of an aggregated data (i.e. data aggregation timeout). In this work we consider the case when one packet can carry multiple sensing data elements and this aggregation is limited to a finite number due to the limitation of packet size. Based on the idea that the timeout may be determined by the current number of waiting data elements, we propose a scheme for varying timeout, analyze its performance using a stochastic model, and show how to customize the varying timeout in the proposed scheme for energy efficiency or low delay. Experiment results show that our analytical model accords well with the real world implementation and our scheme facilitates efficient tradeoff between energy and delay, that is, high energy efficiency can be achieved with little overhead in delay, and vice versa.
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