The variation in electric conductivity was examined for laser irradiation with various beam intensities. A 532-nm continuous wave laser was irradiated onto inkjet-printed silver lines on a glass substrate and the electrical resistance was measured in situ during the irradiation. The results demonstrate that electrical conductivity varies nonlinearly with laser intensity, and has a minimum specific resistance of 3.1 x 10(-8) Ωm at 4 kW/cm2 irradiation. These results are interesting because the specific resistance achieved by the present laser irradiation was approximately 1.9 times lower than the best value obtainable by oven heating, even though it was still higher by 1.9 times than that of bulk silver. It is also demonstrated that the irradiation time required to complete the sintering process decreases with laser intensity. The numerical simulation of laser heating shows that the heating temperature could be as high as 250 degrees C for laser sintering, while it is limited to 250 degrees C for oven sintering. The characteristics of sintering with laser intensity based on the results of field emission scanning electron microscope images are discussed.
In this article, a design and analysis on 200-m-class hybrid underwater glider actuated by a buoyancy engine and a thruster was studied. The hull shape of the hybrid underwater glider was designed to reduce underwater resistance using Myring hull profile equations. A computational fluid dynamics analysis was conducted, and a resistance coefficient similar to that of existing underwater vehicle was calculated such that simulation reliability was verified. The relationship between the control value of the ballast discharged by the buoyancy engine and the velocity of a glider according to the path angle was analyzed. Through the analysis, the relationship between the optimal glide angle and the designed control value of the ballast water was drawn, and using this relationship, the optimal glider velocity was estimated. Also, the velocity of the hybrid underwater glider using the thruster only was measured through an experiment. Using both the thruster and ballast water control, it was shown that the maximum velocity of the developed hybrid underwater glider is over 2.4 knots.
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