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a Urban water security strategies commonly pivot around supply-side initiatives to mitigate scarcity, forecasted population growth, or anticipated climate change; yet, scholars have begun to expand urban water security scholarship by including alternative frameworks that incorporate equity into the analysis. Our study seeks to contribute to this equity turn by opening the investigative aperture on urban water security research in several aspects. We address the question of water security for whom, and turn our attention to the urban resident and household. We shift empirical focus to smaller urban centers in the Global South, and we develop a new assessment tool for water insecurity, the Household Water Insecurity Index (HWISI), to assess differences across the urban waterscape. We conducted this research in Forquilha (Cear a, Brazil), which represents an overlooked class of small urban centers common across Brazil's semiarid region. We draw on qualitative and quantitative data to describe household water insecurity using the HWISI. The prevalence of household water insecurity is variable, with a quarter of the population experiencing moderate to severe household water insecurity. In addition, analysis of the factors within the HWISI demonstrated how specific water insecurity domains push households across water insecurity thresholds.

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ResumoA eclosão da crise ambiental global, a intensificação da ocupação irregular dos ambientes mais frágeis, a precariedade das condições socioeconômicas dos grupos sociais vulnerabilizados e a percepção da intensificação da ocorrência de desastres naturais fizeram com que as questões relativas às vulnerabilidades e aos riscos ocupassem papel de destaque na sociedade contemporânea. A crescente deflagração das situações de crise, associada ao aumento do número de atingidos e aos prejuízos associados, desencadeou a necessidade de compreender as condicionantes para o progressivo surgimento das situações de crise e para a identificação de territórios mais vulneráveis aos riscos. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar em que medida a fragilidade ambiental e a vulnerabilidade social se combinam na susceptibilidade aos riscos. Visa-se, portanto, apresentar a eficácia das referidas abordagens investigativas mediante procedimentos e técnicas aplicadas à definição da susceptibilidade aos riscos em ambientes urbanos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que por meio da compreensão das relações entre a fragilidade ambiental e a vulnerabilidade social faz-se possível a identificação de territórios mais vulneráveis aos riscos. Palavras-chave: Fragilidade ambiental; Vulnerabilidade social; Riscos ambientais. AbstractWith global environmental crisis, the intensification of inadequate occupation of the most fragile environments, the precariousness of socioeconomic conditions of vulnerable social groups and the perception of occurrence intensification of natural disasters pointed out questions related to vulnerabilities and risks in our contemporary society. The growing of crises, in association with the number of victims and damages, has generated the need to comprehend the conditions to the emergence of crisis and to the identification of territories most vulnerable to risks. The objective of this manuscript is demonstrate how the environmental fragility and social vulnerability are combined on susceptibility to risks. It aims to show the efficiency of the investigative approaches through procedures and techniques applied to definition of susceptibility to risks in urban environments. Results pointed out that through the comprehension of relations between environmental fragility and social vulnerability if possible to identify the most vulnerable territories to risk.

Beaches are key territories for tourist development but at risk of impacts of climate change—specifically with the consequent intensification of coastal erosion. This study examines the effects of coastal erosion on the distribution of lodging facilities and the value of daily rates practiced on the beaches of Tabuba and Cumbuco on the northeast coast of Brazil. The methodology comprises collecting information on the means of accommodation (distribution and daily rate), quantifying coastline variation and measuring the field to validate data. A total of 13.9 km of coastline were analyzed; erosion tendency was observed in 26.8% of the coast (9.0% erosion, 14.4% intense erosion, and 3.4% severe erosion). With the highest erosion rates, Tabuba's Beach has a low density in accommodation distribution and daily rates practiced in tourism. Cumbuco's Beach, conversely, has a lower risk of erosion, and the means of accommodation are concentrated. Coastal erosion has affected tourism development in Caucaia, influencing the choice of tourism accommodation entrepreneurs. the results indicate that there is a clear concentration of tourist accommodations in areas without notorious problems with coastal erosion, influencing in the distribution of tourist facilities and their daily rates. So, there is a direct connection does exist between local tourism system income and the beaches with problems with coastal erosion.

Housing problems in the world have resulted in precarious settlements in urban territories. In Brazil, these settlements reached 30% of urban homes at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of this article is to recognize the situation of the settlements in the city of Fortaleza, capital of the Ceará State-Brazil, from the identification, spatialization, classification of typologies and demographic characterization. An integrative method is used for the systematization of georeferenced data in the Geographic Information System (GIS) and thematic mapping. Were identified 838 precarious settlements in the city, composed of 29 tenements, 16 irregular allotments, 48 housing estates, 128 community housing projects and 617 shanty-towns, with 352,597 families, 243,180 dwellings and 964,562 inhabitants. They represent 34% of the properties, 39.34% of the population and 19.19% of the territory, in areas with poor infrastructure, services and urban equipment, inhabited by the lower income population. The study provides the analytical basis of vulnerability to environmental disasters and potentiates discussion of urban space issues.

was first diagnosed in Brazil on February 26, 2020, having been introduced in São Paulo by a traveler returning from Italy. By April 15, 26,112 people in Brazil had tested positive for the virus and 1,590 people had died from it. In Fortaleza, Brazil's fifth largest city with the population of 2.5 million, the first three Covid-19 cases were confirmed on