Evaluation of self-ignition hazard of bulk materials requires experimental determination of self-ignition temperatures as a function of volume. There are two standardised methods: (1) determination of the self-ignition temperature of dust samples in oven and (2) measurement of the self-ignition temperature of a dust layer deposited on a hot surface. Sometimes, the sample behaviour during these tests makes the second method difficult to apply. The self-ignition phenomena in these two tests rely on the same principles. Their results are interpreted with the help of theoretical relations. The correlation described in this paper can be considered acceptable to deduce self-ignition temperature of a dust layer, based on results of self-ignition of the same dust in heating ovens, if the Biot number (alpha) can be estimated. Uncertainty on the correlation is near 30K. This uncertainty is on the same order of magnitude as the difference in the self-ignition temperature on a hot surface for thickness between 5 and 15 mm.
In this study, MIE values measured with two different explosion tubes, HARTMANN and MIKE 3, are compared. Generally, MIKE 3 apparatus provides MIE results, which are equal or lower to those measured with the HARTMANN apparatus; this is particularly true for the energy ranges between 1 and 10 mJ and higher than 100 mJ.Differences observed can modify samples classification according to their sensitivity to electrostatic ignition sources. Nevertheless, ignition of a dust cloud by an electrostatic discharge is complex, and implies a different mechanism from that occurring during MIE tests. Thus, it seems difficult to synchronise dust dispersion and spark triggering to obtain optimal concentration in the spark area. Moreover, spark characteristics such as duration or energy feeding rate of spark cannot reproduce exactly industrial-world ones. On this point, it is not possible to conclude if characteristics of MIKE 3 electric circuit, e.g., resistance and inductance, are more relevant than HARTMANN circuit ones.
Abstract— Results concerning Rose Bengal sensitized photoxidation of 2,7‐dimethyl‐2,6‐octadiene (A) are discussed. This diolefin may be considered as a model molecule of polyisoprene of polymerization number two with 1,4‐4,1 addition mode.
All the mono‐ and dihydroperoxides apt to occur are actually obtained. One of the occurring hydroperoxides, 2,7‐dimethyl‐dihydroperoxy‐3,5‐octadiene, which has the structure of a conjugated diene, does not lead to an endoperoxide. This is contrary to Kaplan and Kelleher's hypothesis. On the other hand, no trihydroperoxide forms as a result of further addition of singlet oxygen (1O2).
A complete kinetic study has allowed us to determine the rate constants of all the reactions which take place. The reactivity of (A) is twice that of 2‐methyl‐2‐pentene and the addition of 1O2 to one of the double bonds of (A) induces deactivation of the remaining double bond.
SynopsisWe have studied the rose bengal-sensitized photooxygenation of cis-and trans-polyisoprene model compounds that contain one unit in methanolic solution, characterized the resulting monohydroperoxides, and determined their yield. We have also demonstrated the possibility of a second addition of singlet oxygen on the same unit and have undertaken a kinetic study to determine the rate constants of all the reactions of 4-methyl-4-octene.By comparison with polyisoprene the 2 isomer of 4-methyl-4-octene was called A mixture of the two isomers of 4-methyl-4-octene (54% cis and 46% trans) cis and the E isomer, trans.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.