Analyses of AREDS2 data on natural history of GA provide representative data on GA evolution and enlargement. GA enlargement, which was influenced by lesion features, was relentless, resulting in rapid central vision loss. The genetic variants associated with faster enlargement were partially distinct from those associated with risk of incident GA. These findings are relevant to further investigations of GA pathogenesis and clinical trial planning.

tachments associated with two congenital optic nerve anomaliesmorning glory disc and optic pit. Some authors have recently reported small tears adjacent to the optic nerve in patients with retinal detachment and morning glory7disc.'-3 Others have argued that the liquid vitreous reaches the subretinal space not via a retinal tear, but rather via the optic nerve pit or a developmental defect in the optic nerve.4 Another group have proposed that the subretinal fluid does not come from the vitreous but rather from cerebrospinal fluid.5'6 The passage of the radiopaque dye metrizamide from the subarachnoid space into the subretinal fluid seems conclusive evidence of a connection between the two.6 Finally, one report suggests that the fluid arises from the orbital tissues.7 A question in this controversy is whether morning glory disc and optic nerve pit represent two points in the spectrum of colobomas of the optic nerve entrance and share a common mechanism of subretinal fluid formation, or whether they are separate entities with different mechanisms of retinal detachment.`i' 0 This paper reports a serendipitous intraoperative finding in a child with morning glory disc and compares the biopsy specimen from that case with a case of optic pit from our pathology files and cases previously reported. This is the first case with histopathology from a well-documented, typical morning glory disc and validates the findings in those histopathological specimens which had been felt possible but atypical or undocumented cases of this condition.8,1'-13 The findings indicate that morning glory disc and congenital pit of the optic nerve do represent two points in the spectrum of presentation of coloboma of the optic nerve

This study replicates the results of previous natural history studies of eyes with DPED including the high rates of progression to late AMD and vision loss (regardless of progression to late AMD). The genetic associations are consistent with genes associated with AMD progression.