This paper is the first to explore the impact of culture on the acceptability of workplace bullying and to do so across a wide range of countries. Physically intimidating bullying is less acceptable than work related bullying both within groups of similar cultures and globally. Cultures with high performance orientation find bullying to be more acceptable while those with high future orientation find bullying to be less acceptable. A high humane orientation is associated with finding work related bullying to be less acceptable. Confucian Asia finds work-related bullying to be more acceptable than the Anglo, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa country clusters and finds physically intimidating bullying to be more acceptable than the Anglo and Latin America country clusters. The differences in the acceptability of bullying with respect to these cultures are partially explained in terms of cultural dimensions.

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Digital fabrication technologies are transforming disciplines and their practices. It is now the norm for a product designer to undertake almost the entire design process, from creation to fabrication, using digital means. Yet, at the same time, traditional crafts are experiencing a resurgence, and craft outputs are valued in a world filled with cheap mass-produced artefacts. There are now an increasing number of design practitioners and researchers investigating how to merge traditional craft practices, forms and qualities with those of digital fabrication. This shift is leading to a new paradigm of digital craft that is influencing design narratives and practices. This collaborative, cross-disciplinary article, written from within the disciplines of interior design and product design, will provide a case study of one of the author’s product design practice outputs that reflects on the process of designing for both craft and digital fabrication. The resulting designs constitute a new form of hybrid materiality that applies a design model developed by the authors. This design model is called ‘user-completion’ and is situated at the intersection between craft, mass-customization, and mass-manufacture. The user-completion model provides a framework for designers to engage users in the making process by personalizing and completing their products. The case study explores how the user-completion model is contributing to the redefining of craft through the use of digital manufacturing technologies within design disciplines.

For entrepreneurs in the emerging markets of Central and Eastern Europe, franchising presents an opportunity to develop a start-up business with the assistance of an international firm. However, emerging markets are demanding environments for establishing and operating a business. These environments challenge the ability of franchisors to transfer their franchise concept from their home market to the emerging market. This case focuses on the evolution of “American Restaurant Format” (ARF), one of the few franchise restaurant operators in Central and Eastern Europe. Notwithstanding the challenges of the Polish market, the case shows that most of ARF's problems were self-inflicted, the result of poor judgment and an inflexible franchise organization.

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