BACKGROUND-Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been associated with cranial suture fusion, while its isoform TGF-β3 has been associated with suture patency in vivo. The mouse posterofrontal (PF) suture, analogous to the human metopic suture, fuses through endochondral ossification.
These data strongly support that BMP signaling is dynamic and important during normal in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells. Thus, BMP2 may be used to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells for bone tissue engineering. Future studies will examine the effect of rhBMP2 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells in vivo.
Regional dura mater plays an important role in suture morphology, and the posterior frontal-associated dura mater possesses potent, pro-osteogenic signals that influence the overlying suture fate. The differential expression pattern of TGF-beta signaling from the dura mater further supports the regional paracrine effect of the dura mater.
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