Gesture controlled wheelchair is designed and intended to perform specific job functions combining software interfacing with the hardware along with the embedded electronics, through hand controlled gestures. In this paper, a novel multiple control option-based wheelchair is proposed to cater to the needs of handicapped patients and senior citizens. This work is aimed at designing, integrating, coding, interfacing and testing a fully motorized, gesture controlled wheelchair which involves the physical implementation of the hardware, the software interfacing and testing. This Smart wheelchair is furnished with sensors, interactive cameras controlled by a processor unit that can control the various tasks it is designed to perform. The proposed Smart Wheelchair utilizes micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) accelerometers to recognize various hand gestures performing a specific task. It is an accelerometer-based system which controls a robotic arm wirelessly using a small, low-cost, 3-axis degrees of freedom accelerometer through RF signals. The gestures are also trained by machine learning to identify the training patterns by choosing the appropriate mode selection. The hand gestures are thus based on motion sensor and pattern recognition. Apart from these hand gestures, the smart wheelchair can also be controlled by an android mobile app through a smartphone or by a hand held device that can navigate the smart wheelchair in the forward, backward, right, left directions and also perform a stop operation. The Smart Wheelchair also detects an obstruction present on the way of navigation and is operated in accordance with the command. An interactive camera equipped with a microphone and speaker is meant for communication for the elderly for sending and receiving voice commands remotely. The camera can be accessed through an IoT environment which can be communicated on remote IP addresses on smartphones and personal computers. There are two Arduino Uno Rev3 Controller modules programmed to control the gestures of the gyroscopic accelerometer and other control methods based on a mode selection switch held by the user. The proposed methodology is also realized by Proteus, a simulation tool to check its practical credibility. The proposed circuitry is physically realized as a Smart Wheelchair prototype implemented with the above multi control which could be modified as any physical structure platform having two wheels.
The present study on theileriosis prevalence in cattle and buffaloes of India was reckoned by systematic review and meta-analysis. The studies on theileriosis prevalence reported during the period 1984-2019, were collected by using online databases, and offline literature and meta-analyses was done in R-Software. The theileriosis prevalence was 20% [95% level, CI 16-25%, PI 2-74%], obtained by using 70,688 samples. The increasing trend of theileriosis prevalence was observed in the recent period [2011-19] when compared to past years. A higher theileriosis prevalence in the Central zone [24%] than in other zones was observed. The state-wise analysis revealed a higher prevalence in Puducherry and Assam. The method-wise breakdown revealed a higher prevalence by serology for India [39%] in comparison to other methods. Host species-wise scrutiny indicated a higher prevalence in cattle [22%] than buffaloes [14%]. Theileriosis was caused by Theileria (T.) annulata [21%], T. orientalis [16%], and T. species [17%] in India. The theileriosis prevalence established by systematic review and meta-analysis in the present study forms the first report from India to the best of our knowledge. It also documents a valuable literature resource on theileriosis prevalence studies in India. This study helps in identifying the theileriosis high-risk zones and states in India. It will help the policymakers and various stakeholders in decision making and wisely using the scarce resources available in implementing preventive strategies effectively. Further, theileriosis prevention can be employed by adopting effective therapeutic measures and vector control strategies, which will augment the profits to dairy farmers in India.
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