The nuclear spins of four neutron-deficient isotopes of rubidium have been determined by the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method. The isotopes, with half-lives between 4.7 hours and 80 days, are produced in quantities of 10 13 to 10 14 atoms by alpha spallation reactions in the Berkeley 60-inch cyclotron. Detection of the beam is accomplished by allowing the neutral beam to fall on a sulfur surface at room temperature, then removing the surface from the apparatus and counting with low-background high-efficiency scintillation counters which accept K x-rays accompanying K capture and internal conversion. Since all four isotopes are made in one bombardment, the identification is important (and is the subject of a separate discussion). The experimental results are: Rb 81 ,1=3/2; Rb 82 , 7=5; Rb 83 , 7=5/2; Rb 84 , 7 = 2.
This article takes literary representations of Cnut, the Danish conqueror of England, as a case study of the construction of English identity in the eleventh century. It traces representations of Cnut in four literary texts composed over the course of the century: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Knútsdrápur, the Encomium Emmae Reginae, and Osbern of Canterbury's Translatio Sancti Ælfegi. Each of these texts constructs a politically useful national—ethnic identity through the figure of Cnut, using the mechanisms of kingship, piety and devotion, language, place and literary tradition to work through the particular exigencies faced by the audiences that they seek to address.
Measured outgassing rates are almost always net outgassing rates. Sometimes it is important to have information on true outgassing rates. This problem is discussed, with particular reference to the design of the wake shield experiment on the Space Shuttle.
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