This paper introduces a wireless battery management system (BMS) based on Bluetooth technology. With the burgeoning use of battery packs in electric and hybrid vehicles, battery management has become a significant area for improvement. Typical battery packs consist of many individual battery cells, and total-pack performance can only be optimized by ensuring level charge and discharge performance across all individual constituent cells. Current battery pack technology relies on wired sensor connections to all individual cells to track temperature and voltage of each cell, and adjust charge and discharge rates accordingly. Packs with large numbers of individual cells typically have thousands of wire terminations that are susceptible to mechanical failure. This can lead to premature pack failure. Moreover, when an individual battery cell fails under this scenario, and entire pack rebuild is required. The proposed wireless battery management minimizes the failure points in a battery pack. Furthermore, it makes individual components more readily replaced without an entire rebuild, while also eliminating the impact of system modifications on bulky wiring harnesses. The implemented system performed similarly to a wired system in comparison tests, while saving weight and significantly reducing failure points.
D ecentralized electrical energy systems will play an essential role in the future smart grid. In this paper, we introduce a new industrial scale electric thermal energy system using a high-voltage electrode boiler, of which the level of electricity consumption can be adjusted as desired. It is also shown that, with appropriate instrumentation and measurement algorithms, the energy consumption can be adjusted quickly and accurately. This feature makes such a thermal energy system an ideal candidate to deal with the variability of renewable energy, to respond to the prices in the electric power markets and support the frequency stability of the power grid.Recent specific applications for the boiler demand new methods of measurement for critical variables, which are needed to offer a fail-safe or fault-tolerant class in addition to more reliable measurements in general. Implementation of specific instrumentation, many of which require a redundant setup, and control software is necessary to provide this critical level of operation. Using the instrumentation to measure variables such as temperature, pressure, conductivity, etc., a control algorithm was implemented to improve the overall performance of the boiler system. The new control method significantly improves the performance of this electric thermal energy system, reducing the mean power errors to 0 ± 0.5%.The smart electric thermal energy system presented in this paper provides a fundamental building block toward expanded use of high-voltage electrode boilers for load-frequency control, with the added benefit of thermal energy as a by-product for use by various consumers. The enhanced control algorithm is particularly relevant in electrical power applications with increased volatility from energy production by wind turbines.
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