Potassium chloride, KCl, formed from biomass combustion may lead to ash deposition and corrosion problems in boilers. Sulfates are effective additives for converting KCl to the less harmful K 2 SO 4 and HCl. In the present study, the rate constants for decomposition of ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate were obtained from experiments in a fast heating rate thermogravimetric analyzer. The yields of SO 2 and SO 3 from the decomposition were investigated in a tube reactor at 600−900°C , revealing a constant distribution of about 15% SO 2 and 85% SO 3 from aluminum sulfate decomposition and a temperaturedependent distribution of SO 2 and SO 3 from ammonium sulfate decomposition. On the basis of these data as well as earlier results, a detailed chemical kinetic model for sulfation of KCl by a range of sulfate additives was established. Modeling results were compared to biomass combustion experiments in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor using ammonium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and ferric sulfate as additives. The simulation results for ammonium sulfate and ferric sulfate addition compared favorably to the experiments. The predictions for aluminum sulfate addition were only partly in agreement with the experimental results, implying a need for further investigations. Predictions for the effectiveness of the sulfur-based additives indicate that ferric sulfate and ammonium sulfate have similar effectiveness at temperatures ranging from approximately 850 to 900°C, whereas ferric sulfate is more efficient at higher temperatures and ammonium sulfate is more effective at lower temperatures.
in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) Ferric sulfate is used as an additive in biomass combustion to convert the released potassium chloride to the less harmful potassium sulfate. The decomposition of ferric sulfate is studied in a fast heating rate thermogravimetric analyzer and a volumetric reaction model is proposed to describe the process. The yields of sulfur oxides from ferric sulfate decomposition under boiler conditions are investigated experimentally, revealing a distribution of approximately 40% SO 3 and 60% SO 2 . The ferric sulfate decomposition model is combined with a detailed kinetic model of gas-phase KCl sulfation and a model of K 2 SO 4 condensation to simulate the sulfation of KCl by ferric sulfate addition. The simulation results show good agreements with experiments conducted in a biomass grate-firing reactor. The results indicate that the SO 3 released from ferric sulfate decomposition is the main contributor to KCl sulfation and that the effectiveness of ferric sulfate addition is sensitive to the applied temperature conditions. V C 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: [4314][4315][4316][4317][4318][4319][4320][4321][4322][4323][4324] 2013
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