The emergence of e-commerce has created new financial needs that in many cases cannot be effectively fulfilled by the traditional payment systems. Recognizing this, virtually all interested parties are exploring various types of electronic payment systems, issues surrounding electronic payment system and digital currency. Broadly, electronic payment systems can be classified into four categories: online electronic cash system, electronic cheque system, online credit card payment system, and smart cards based electronic payment system. Each payment system has its advantages and disadvantages for the customers and merchants. We highlight the analysis of the security levels in relationship with fraud vulnerability, and determine how this relationship affects or boosts the confidence of the users. General TermsElectronic payment system, e-commerce Keywords eCash, credit card payment system, vulnerability, digital signature, biometric finger print, merchant
It is no doubt that we are in the era of 'big data', and different machines and tools are being developed every day to enable users to effectively access, manipulate and process data to provide timely information needed for decision making. The situation has led to increasingly use of wireless devices including smartphones, tablets, pacemakers, etc., with different platforms. As professionals including doctors, engineers, scientists, artists, etc., use these devices in accessing, process and disseminating information services are available, so also malware attackers are strategizing. Hence the last one decade has witnessed constant literatures in the design and development of both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms to checkmate malware applications in wireless devices. In this paper, we study the properties of unsupervised learning algorithms; in particular, we quantify the performance of these algorithms under two scenarios; using data sets from unknown attackers and data sets from known attackers. Our findings show that the recently γ -algorithm appears superior to the other unsupervised algorithms investigated.
Energy is one of the most important factors for accelerating economic development. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in Nigeria over the few decades, there is a huge pressure and ever increasing demand of Electrical energy, which has resulted in a concentrated need for finding some alternative sources of energy. Biomass power which is electricity produced from biomass fuel is a renewable energy source steadily gaining importance and leading the way for economic development. Biogas is obtained from biomass waste fermentation process. The paper reviews the potentials of biogas for power generation. A small-scale biogas generation system was designed and implemented. We successfully modified the internal combustion engine, which works smoothly without any sign of audible knocking during the entire experimentation. Comparatively, results show that 1.8kg of biogas runs for 127 minutes with a load capacity of 1400 watts while 1 liter of fuel runs on the power generating system with a load input of 1400 watt. 1 liter of fuel operated on the power generating system for a period of 42 minutes after which the system shutdown due to complete consumption of the available fuel. It was observed that as the load input increased, voltage dropped and current increased. Financially 1.8kg of biogas costs far less than 1 liter of fuel. Thus, the application of this technology on a large scale in the power sector has significant potentials of increasing the installed electricity capacity being generated in Nigeria. Synergistically, it can help in waste management as well as providing a long-term sustainable approach to energy self-sufficiency and economic development in Nigeria.
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