discontinued at any moment, the task and experience is real. The Flight Dynamics Laboratory (FDL) has sponsored and During intense closed-loop control tasks where motion and managed th development and use of several generationsofvisual cues are vital, such as landing approach and touchmanaged the dep t an iseo sevral generaions down, in-flight refueling, and tight tracking tasks, in-flight in-flight simulators during the last thirty years. Thnese vehicles siuato is motueu,sf,adcs-fetv. Th in were designed and fabricated, and are operated by the Flight simulation can include the fih controlfsytem deveoResearch Department of Calspan Corporation, Buffalo, New flight simulation can Include the flight control system develop-R esearch Department of Calspan Corporation, Buffalo, New ment of a new aircraft, flying qualities and flight control reYork. These unique aircraft have been used to develop control s a v t laws and control systems, to evaluate new aircraft before first search, and provde test pilot training including pre-first flight flight, to provide specialized training for test pilots, to perovertew past2 form essential flight research in flying and handling qualities, oOver the past 28 vearsl the A nr Force Flight Dnamics Laband to develop and validate the military specifications for hanorator asantonfctivly foprafyn qaliTies research, spredlin quliie of pioe aipans Asarrfn oto tor as a national facility for flying qualities research, pre-first dlingsqualitis hav eof e ploted aiplanes. Asd arcrafpand cntrl iflight safety validation of new aircraft, and test pilot training. tem s have b eqmored cope and cpbe systemsdinThe NT-33A has been extensively used by the Air Force, tegrationrc issue have required more and more effort and reNavy, NASA, industry, and foreign countries for such flight sources.test research. The airplane modification was completed by BACKGROUND Calspan Corporation in 1957 with a variable stability control system that applies computer control to accurately simulate In-flight simulators provide a faithful representation of the the motion characteristics of other current or future fighter airdynamic system diagrammed in Figure 1. These elements, craft. The NT-33A has both a centerstick and sidestick control which are amply detailed in Reference 1, include the aircraft capability from the front seat as well as a programmable and its flight control system including cockpit feel; actual head-up display (HUD) for control and display research. Over flight stress; visual, motion, and aural cues; and external dis-50 research and simulation programs have been performed in turbances such as turbulence and crosswind. Fundamental to addition to the training demonstrations and student projects at the dynamic system is the addition of the pilot with the rethe Test Pilot Schools.
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