Happiness is a psychological state, resulting from the secretion of certain chemicals by specialist cells in the brain. It is a very tricky multifaceted theory that is challenging to comprehend. Humans desire to be happy and strive for the same throughout their lives. There is nothing else that can give more pleasure than being happy. Without knowing how happiness is achieved, humans tend to slog for worldly things that are perceived to bring joy. But the fact is that the human brain is a master programmer that controls when and how one feels happy. The determinants that offer happiness are numerous like biological, cognitive, behavioural, sociocultural, etc. Amongst these the biological factors are the endogenic constituents that top the table in defining human happiness. Today, happiness is a typical problem that is being examined by several researchers. It is thus, obligatory to comprehend the biological outlook of joy and understand the quality of life. Therefore, this paper intends to reflect on the biological factors that hold happiness. The data acquired from the database search is categorised under the subheadings hormones/ neurotransmitters, genetics, and the anthropometric typology. The neurotransmitters identified to offer happiness are dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, endocannabinoids, endorphins, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and melatonin. These are secreted in humans and have a designated purpose in ascertaining happiness. Although there is no extensive proof available on the genetics of happiness, studies suggest that 35-50% of the joy is hereditary. Genes like Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Monoamine Oxidase (MAOA) and their role in happiness are explored through various research studies. Also, the physical features of an individual have a link to human happiness. Therefore, the existing knowledge points out that the biological factors’ role is vital in determining happiness which is undebatable.

Objective: Happiness is a crucial component of human lives. It is thus logical to assume that considering satisfaction and joy will produce profitable outcomes. The study intended to examine the effectiveness of interaction with children on happiness among the elderly. Methods: We chose 20 institutionalized elderly and assigned them randomly to experimental and control groups. We used the happiness rating scale to test the happiness levels among the elderly. We chose children for interaction based on their attitudes towards the elderly. Then the experimental group elderly interacted with the children twice a week for four weeks. Results: The paired ‘t’ test calculated for the experimental (P value= < 0.001) and control group (P value= 0.472) implied that the interaction with children is useful to enhance elderly happiness. Conclusion: We thus recommend that the educational curriculum include the children’s visit to the elderly homes. Also, establishing children’s homes and the elderly homes under one roof can benefit either group. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 318-322

Background: Every patient expects safe and quality patient care. A satisfying journey during hospitalization indicates quality care. Nurses provide a significant component of patient care over a long period, compared to any other healthcare professional. This study aims to find patient satisfaction in oncology units and identify the barriers to nursing care quality. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional correlation design was used with 100 cancer patients admitted to oncology units of tertiary care hospital selected by convenience sampling. The Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction, and an investigator-prepared and validated checklist was used to identify barriers to nursing care quality. Results: The study revealed that 50% of patients were satisfied with the overall nursing care quality received during the hospital stay, and the overall barrier score to patient satisfaction for quality nursing care was 33.5%. Overall, 37% of patients were extremely satisfied with the quality of care and services they received during their hospital stay. The findings revealed a statistically significant association between patient satisfaction and the patients' employment status, type of treatment, and duration of stay in the hospital. This study also revealed that workload, lack of time, and inability to speak the local language were the major barriers to patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Patients are the hospital's consumers or customers. For the best results, hospitals should train nurses to communicate in the local language, provide adequate staffing, and adequate training.

Introduction Every woman uniquely experiences menopause. The problems can be either well managed or prevented if a woman is well informed. Healthy women are productive and establish healthy families. It is important therefore to find out what a woman needs to learn about menopause. Objective To determine the learning needs of the women at the postmenopausal period. Materials and Methods The study adopted an exploratory approach using a cross-sectional design. The setting was selected conveniently. The investigator took a simple random sampling technique. Demographic proforma and learning needs assessment opinionnaire were used to collect data. Results Most of the subjects (28.8%) were belonging to 51 to 55 years of age. The majority of the subjects (75%) attained menopause between the age of 41 and 50 years. More than third-fourth of the subjects (77.5%) were of a nuclear family. Eighty percent of the subjects were married. Around 68.8% had secondary education; 71.3% were housewives. Subjects had significant learning needs in the areas of “lifestyle modification” (mean % = 44.42) and “sexual health” (mean % = 35.75). Eighty-one percent felt that they needed to give more importance to their children than their health. Thirty-nine subjects ranked “prevention of bone loss and joint pain” as their first preference of learning, 19 ranked “mental health” as their seventh preference; and 20 subjects ranked “sexual health” as their eighth preference of education. Conclusion There is a need to train women on lifestyle modification and the promotion of sexual health during the postmenopausal period. They do need information on the enhancement of physical and mental health.

Objective A minimum amount of stress is essential for a successful life. When it goes beyond the limit, it affects overall well-being. There is a need to modify the environment, feelings, and physical factors of an individual to promote resilience. This study aimed to assess and find the relationship between perceived stress and resilience among nurses working in a selected hospital. Materials and Methods The investigators used the descriptive correlation design and, through the nonprobability sampling method, selected 65 nurses. Data was collected using the demographic variables, perceived stress scale, and the Connor–Davidson resilience scale. Results and Discussion The investigators found a moderate level of stress (61.5%) with intermediate resilience (73.8%) among the nurses and noted a weak correlation between perceived stress and resilience (calculated value is 0.226 and the p-value is 0.071). There was an association found between the frequency of night duty, education level, and perceived stress. Conclusion Our study showed that most of the nurses had a moderate level of stress with intermediate resilience. The unmarried nurses were more resilient, with a moderate level of stress than the married.