In the uphill teaming method of ingot casting molten metal from the ladle goes into the runner system, which feeds one or several ingot moulds. This method is still important for production of bearing steel. In order to make clean steel, which has a controlled amount of inclusions, good understanding of inclusions characteristics is necessary. In this work non‐metallic inclusions of steel left in the runner part of an ingot casting system were studied. Inclusion type, size, and morphology were the main focus of this study. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess inclusion size and morphology. The chemical composition of inclusions was determined by SEM equipped with EDS. An automated program called ‘INCAFeature’ was used to collect statistics of inclusion characteristics. Based on the statistical analysis of inclusion composition, four types of inclusions including oxides, sulfides, carbonitrides and complex inclusions were defined. The inclusion characteristics in the runner were also compared to literature data of inclusions found in ladle and mould samples.
Hot rolled strips having a minimum yield stress of 700 MPa have been produced in full scale processing. Alloy additions (1?5%Mn, 1%Cr and 0?3%Mo) together with rapid cooling on the runout table produce fully bainitic microstructures which confer strength and toughness. Microalloying with 0?08%V has been shown to be essential for achieving stable strength levels that are independent of the coiling temperature since the necessary low coiling temperatures are difficult to reproduce accurately under steelworks conditions. The products have excellent bendability and HAZ toughness. Typical microstructures and textures of the hot rolled strips are also presented.
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