Background and Purpose-Mechanisms underlying development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA) are poorly recognized. The majority of studies on human tissue have focused on predefined pathways. We sought to analyze global gene expression patterns of ruptured IA, unruptured IA, and control vessels. Methods-Transcription profiles were studied in human ruptured (nϭ8) and unruptured (nϭ6) IA, as well as in control intracranial arteries (nϭ5), using oligonucleotide microarrays. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used for confirmation. Functional analysis for determination of over-represented ontological groups among gene expression profiles was also performed. Results-The expression of 159 genes differed among the studied groups. Compared to the controls, 131 genes showed common directions of change in both IA groups. The most impacted biological processes for IA are: (1) the muscle system; (2) cell adhesion (downregulation); and (3) the immune system and inflammatory response (upregulation). Ruptured and unruptured IA differed in genes involved in immune/inflammatory processes; expression was reduced in ruptured IA. Conclusions-Decreased expression of genes related to muscle system and cell adhesion is important for the development of IA.

Background: Cancers characterized by microsatellite instability may be biologically different from their counterparts with stable microsatellite sequences. Circulating cancers cell present in blood prior to surgery may constitute an adverse prognostic finding. Aim: To correlate these two phenomena with morphological features and survival in advanced gastric cancer. Methods: We examined 76 cases of resected sporadic, advanced gastric cancer by means of routine morphology and a panel of microsatellite markers. Sixty‐six cases were screened for presence of cancer cells circulating in blood prior to the surgery using combined morphological and immunocytochemical approach. Results: Twenty‐one (27.6%) cases demonstrated microsatellite instability in at least one locus. Among them 11 (14.5%) showed microsatellite instability in more than 30% (4/12) examined loci, and they were therefore designated as replication error positive (RER+). Circulating cancer cells were detected in 2/19 microsatellite instability and in 11/47 remaining cases (difference not significant). The survival of the microsatellite instability cases was significantly better. The presence of circulating cancer cells did not correlate with survival. Conclusion: It is possible that the microsatellite instability status, but not circulating cancer cells, constitutes a prognostic predictive factor in advanced gastric carcinoma. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires continuation of patient follow‐up.

It seems that targeting MMP-2 and VEGF-C may improve local control, thereby reducing the risk of distant metastasis in patients with SCC of the tongue and FOM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E747-E753, 2016.

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