Background. in Poland, the number of parents or caregivers, mainly declaring concern about the occurrence of vaccine injuries, refusing to subject people under the age of 19 to mandatory vaccinations has increased from 3,437 in 2010 to 30,089 in 2017. Material and methods. Legal regulations concerning vaccinations and legal literature in Poland, as well as judicial decisions concerning cases of evasion of mandatory vaccinations were reviewed. Results. the Constitution of the Republic of Poland obliges public authorities to fight epidemic diseases. In judicial decisions, a connection between preventive vaccinations and safety and public health protection is taken for granted-mass vaccinations allow for protection of all people, who would be exposed to infectious diseases without them. Statutory obligation to submit to mandatory vaccinations exists in the law and is directly enforceable; only in the case of refusal, the State Poviat Sanitary Inspectorate (PPIS), as creditor of the obligation, may demand its implementation and indicate an effective enforcement measure; however, it is the voivode who is authorized to conduct enforcement proceedings regarding the non-pecuniary obligation. the imposed fine is a measure leading to fulfilment of the obligation of vaccination, not a penalty for its non-performance. Conclusions. a statutory obligation to submit to protective vaccinations does not constitute a violation of constitutionally guaranteed human freedoms. as a person authorized by a specific law in the form of the Act on Preventing and Combating Infections and Infectious Diseases in Humans, this obligation overcomes the individual's freedom to exercise the right to refuse to undergo health benefits resulting from general regulations, such as the Act on Patients' Rights and Patients' Rights Ombudsman. although the PPIS is the creditor of the statutory obligatory vaccinations, the voivode is the correct enforcement body.
Craniosacral therapy is an acknowledged therapeutic method used for treating humans. It derives from osteopathy, being a manual technique which uses a very gentle touch. It consists in balancing the fluctuation of cerebrospinal fluid by applying appropriate holds that make it possible for the patient's organism to release tensions which have formed in tissues. The aim of the present work was to depict the possibility to adapt the method of craniosacral therapy used in humans to the therapy of horses. Thirteen therapeutic holds proposed for the treatment of horses were described and interpreted graphically on the basis of therapy of 62 horses with different disorders. A total of 241 craniosacral therapy treatments were performed. The adaptation of presented craniosacral therapy holds to equine therapy was developed by the first author on the basis of relevant holds used in the biodynamic craniosacral therapy in humans and in own therapeutic practice. The effects of own practice and data available in literature suggest that craniosacral therapy seems to be an effective method of improving the state of health of horses suffering from different complaints that may cause major difficulties in sport, breeding or private use of the animals. The use of thermography made it possible to record the effects of therapy and some processes accompanying it, which had been impossible before. Equine, rehabilitation, convalescence, cerebrospinal fluid, thermographyWhen different complaints in humans such as migraine, chronic pain, arthritis, sciatica, pain in the spine, myalgia, post-traumatic symptoms and many others that constitute a serious impediment in everyday life are treated, in many cases the treatment lasts several years without any improvement and the prognosis is poor. These disorders have different causes, however, many of them can be attributed to a disturbance in the fluctuation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Balancing and restoring the correct fluctuation of the fluid is possible, among others, thanks to craniosacral therapy
This article presents a new methodology for designing a hybrid control and acquisition system consisting of a 32-bit SoC microsystem connected via a direct Universal Serial Bus (USB) with a standard commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) component running the Android operating system. It is proposed to utilize it avoiding the use of an additional converter. An Android-based component was chosen to explore the potential for a mobile, compact and energy efficient solution with easy to build user interfaces and easy wireless integration with other computer systems. This paper presents results of practical implementation and analysis of experimental real-time performance. It covers closed control loop time between the sensor/actuator module and the Android operating system as well as the real-time sensor data stream within such a system. Some optimisations are proposed and their influence on real-time performance was investigated. The proposed methodology is intended for acquisition and control of mechatronic systems, especially mobile robots. It can be used in a wide range of control applications as well as embedded acquisition-recording devices, including energy quality measurements, smart-grids and medicine. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology can be employed without developing specific device drivers. The latency achieved was less than 0.5 ms and the sensor data stream throughput was on the order of 750 KB/s (compared to 3 ms latency and 300 KB/s in traditional solutions).
Modern control and measurement systems are equipped with interfaces to operate in local area networks and are typically intended to perform complicated data processing and control algorithms. The authors propose a digital system for rapid prototyping of target application devices. The concept solution separates the processing and control section from the hardware interface and user interface section. Both sections constitute independent ARM-based controllers interconnected via a direct USB link. Popular libraries can be used and low-level procedures developed, which enhances the system’s economic viability. A test unit developed for the purpose of the study was built around a SoC ARM7 microsystem and an off-the-shelf palmtop device. It demonstrated a continuous data stream transfer capability up to 150 kB per second, which was sufficient to monitor the performance of an electricity line.
Abstract:In a modern hybrid measurement and control system a high-speed data acquisition/execution module communicates with a master management and control unit. A typical solution may involve a System on Chip (SoC) device, like ARM Cortex-M core based microcontroller, linked via USB bus with a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) appliance, such as a tablet, a smartphone, or a PDA. During prototyping stage the COTS is usually temporarily substituted with a PC computer running a rapid prototyping tool such as MATLAB. The paper presents software design considerations and discusses the results of extensive experiments conducted in order to assess if such a prototyping configuration is able to provide a kind of real-time communication performance comparable to that expected in the target system. An optimisation technique is proposed that considerably improves statistics of throughput, round trip time and packet exchanged frequency and that utilises standard operating system software components.
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