ObjectivesTo estimate the nationwide population-based incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Denmark based on the 2015 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND) criteria.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, historically prospective study. Data were sourced from the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, departments of neurology, and laboratories providing aquaporin-4 antibody test. Cases were selected based on the 2006 Wingerchuk and the 2015 IPND criteria and were individually validated by an expert panel.ResultsWe confirmed NMO in 30 cases (2006 criteria) and NMOSD in 56 cases (2015 IPND criteria) between 2007 and 2014. Defined by the 2006 criteria, the incidence of NMO was 0.029 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.014–0.051), and the prevalence (aged 16 years and older) was 0.566 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.370–0.830). Based on the 2015 IPND criteria, the incidence of NMOSD was 0.070 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 0.046–0.102), and the prevalence (aged 16 years and older) was 1.09 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.808–1.440), without regional differences.ConclusionsOur estimates of incidence and prevalence are similar to other Caucasian population–based studies using the 2015 IPND criteria. We found no geographical clustering in Denmark.

Cross sections for the dissociative recombination of N + 2 for v + i = 0-3 are computed using multichannel quantum defect theory with molecular data generated using the R-matrix method. The calculation is completely ab initio and includes three electronic cores of the ion. Extensive comparisons are made with previous experimental and theoretical studies. Our cross section is in excellent agreement with experimental results and other theoretical results. Cross sections and isotropic rate coefficients are provided for all computed vibrational levels.

ObjectiveTo compare on-treatment efficacy and discontinuation outcomes in teriflunomide (TFL) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in a real-world setting.MethodsWe identified all patients starting TFL or DMF from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry and compared on-treatment efficacy outcomes between DMF using TFL, adjusted for clinical baseline variables and propensity score-based methods.ResultsWe included 2,236 patients in the study: 1,469 patients on TFL and 767 on DMF. Annualized relapse rates (ARRs) in TFL and DMF were 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.20) and 0.09 (95% CI 0.07–0.12), respectively. Relapse rate ratio for DMF/TFL was 0.58 (95% CI 0.46–0.73, p < 0.001). DMF had a higher relapse-free survival proportion at 48 months of follow-up (p < 0.05). We observed no difference in Expanded Disability Status Scale score worsening. Discontinuations due to disease breakthrough were 10.2% (95% CI 7.6%–12.8%) and 22.1% (95% CI 19.2%–25.0%) for DMF and TFL, respectively. A subgroup analysis of ARRs in 708 patients with available baseline MRI T2 lesion amount reported similar results after adjustment.ConclusionWe found lower ARR, higher relapse-free survival, and lower incidence of discontinuation due to disease breakthrough on treatment with DMF compared with TFL.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for patients with RRMS, DMF is more effective in preventing relapses and has lower discontinuation due to disease breakthrough compared with TFL.

A quantitative theoretical study of the dissociative recombination of SH with electrons has been carried out. Multireference, configuration interaction calculations were used to determine accurate potential energy curves for SH and SH. The block diagonalization method was used to disentangle strongly interacting SH valence and Rydberg states and to construct a diabatic Hamiltonian whose diagonal matrix elements provide the diabatic potential energy curves. The off-diagonal elements are related to the electronic valence-Rydberg couplings. Cross sections and rate coefficients for the dissociative recombination reaction were calculated with a stepwise version of the multichannel quantum defect theory, using the molecular data provided by the block diagonalization method. The calculated rates are compared with the most recent measurements performed on the ion Test Storage Ring (TSR) in Heidelberg, Germany.

A series of computations based on multichannel quantum defect theory have been performed in order to produce the cross sections of rotational transitions (excitationsto 10) and of their competitive process, the dissociative recombination, induced by collisions of HD + ions with electrons in the energy range 10 −5 to 0.3 eV. Maxwell anisotropic rate coefficients, obtained from these cross sections in the conditions of the Heidelberg Test Storage Ring (TSR) experiments (k B T t = 2.8 meV and k B T l = 45 μeV), have been reported for those processes in the same electronic energy range. Maxwell isotropic rate coefficients have been presented as well for electronic temperatures up to a few hundred Kelvins. Very good overall agreement is found between our results for rotational transitions and the former theoretical computations as well as with experiment. Furthermore, due to the full rotational computations performed, the accuracy of the resulting dissociative recombination cross sections is improved considerably.

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We present a detailed theoretical study of the rotational excitation of CH + due to reactive and nonreactive collisions involving C + ( 2 P), H 2 , CH + , H and free electrons. Specifically, the formation of CH + proceeds through the reaction between C + ( 2 P) and H 2 (ν H 2 = 1, 2), while the collisional (de)excitation and destruction of CH + is due to collisions with hydrogen atoms and free electrons. State-to-state and initial-state-specific rate coefficients are computed in the kinetic temperature range 10-3000 K for the inelastic, exchange, abstraction and dissociative recombination processes using accurate potential energy surfaces and the best scattering methods. Good agreement, within a factor of 2, is found between the experimental and theoretical thermal rate coefficients, except for the reaction of CH + with H atoms at kinetic temperatures below 50 K. The full set of collisional and chemical data are then implemented in a radiative transfer model. Our Non-LTE calculations confirm that the formation pumping due to vibrationally excited H 2 has a substantial effect on the excitation of CH + in photon-dominated regions. In addition, we are able to reproduce, ⋆ alexandre.faure@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr. Europe PMC Funders GroupAuthor Manuscript Mon Not R Astron Soc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 July 06. Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts within error bars, the far-infrared observations of CH + toward the Orion Bar and the planetary nebula NGC 7027. Our results further suggest that the population of ν H 2 = 2 might be significant in the photon-dominated region of NGC 7027.