Rezime: Cilj rada bio je da se ispita optimalno vreme potapanja semena soje i njegov efekat u uslovima sonog stresa. Testiranje je sprovedeno u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu na semenu sorte Galina. Optimalno vreme utvrĎeno je potapanjem semena u prajmere: KNO 3 (1%), H 2 O 2 (0,1%) i H 2 O u trajanju od 6 h, 12 h, 18 h i 24 h. Posle sušenja do prvobitne vlage, seme je stavljeno na naklijavanje, a nakon 8 dana utvrĎena je klijavost. U drugom ogledu seme je potapano u prajmere: KNO 3 (1%), H 2 O 2 (0,1%) i H 2 O, a nakon toga ispitivan je njihov efekat na energiju klijanja i klijavost semena u uslovima simulirane zaslanjenosti. Simulirane uslove zaslanjenosti predstavljale su podloge za naklijavanje kojima je dodat rastvor NaCl u različitim koncentracijama (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je najbolje šestočasovno potapanje semena kod svih prajmera. Sa povećanjem vremena potapanja linearno se smanjuje procenat klijavosti semena. Istraživanja su pokazala i da potapanje semena predstavlja povoljnu tehniku za smanjenje negativnog uticaja NaCl na energiju klijanja i klijavost semena soje, a najbolji efekat ostvaren je upotrebom KNO 3 .
Six varieties were chosen from three different maturity groups: Galina and NS Princeza (0), Sava and NS Apolo (I), and Rubin and NS Zita (II) in order to examine the effect of priming on germination energy depending on soybean seed age. The seeds were produced in the period from 2012 to 2014, i.e., one- to three-year-old seeds were used. The following treatments were used for priming: distilled water - hydropriming (H2O), ascorbic acid 250 mg/l (ASA), folic acid 15 mg/l (Fol.), hydrogen peroxide 1% (H2O2), and control - non-treated seeds (C). Results showed that the effects of priming depended on the variety, seed age, as well as on the applied treatment. Some varieties reacted to priming very well, while others had an inhibited reaction, so germination energy was significantly reduced. Rubin variety had the most favourable reaction, whereby all treatments of this variety led to an increase of quality, with an average increase of 2-8%. The application of primers on one-year-old soybean seeds had a weaker effect than on two- and three-year-old seeds. However, one-year-old seeds had minor oscillations in quality due to priming. The application of priming on one-year-old seeds can lead to an increase or decrease of germination energy by 3%, while two- and three-year-old seeds reached 7%. The results showed that seed priming in ascorbic acid had a positive effect, while the application of other primers did not affect the value of germination energy, nor did it lead to a decrease of its value. Ascorbic acid activity led to the largest increase in the quality of three-year-old soybean seeds by 2.83%, while the increase in the quality of two- and three-year-old seeds was 1.87%. Therefore, we can conclude that there is no universal use of one single primer, as it might not be suitable for each particular variety and can ultimately result in the seed quality decrease.
Sažetak: U cilju proučavanja uticaja međuredne kultivacije na prinos semena soje postavljen je ogled na parceli Poljoprivredne škole u Bačkoj Topoli u periodu od 2015. do 2017. godine. U ogledu su korišćene sorte soje selekcionisane u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu: Galina, Sava i Rubin. U ogledu su bile zastupljene sledeće varijante međuredne kultivacije: kontrola -bez međuredne kultivacije, jedna, dve i tri međuredne kultivacije useva soje. Prosečni prinos soje se povećao sa povećanjem broja prohoda međurednim kultivatorom u toku vegetacionog perioda soje. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je na varijanti sa jednom međurednom kultivacijom povećanje prinosa iznosilo 5,33%, sa dve međuredne kultivacije 7,10%, a sa tri 7,33%. U godinama sa manjom količinom padavina, značaj međuredne kultivacije bio je mnogo veći. U 2017. godini ostvaren je veći prinos zrna soje za 10,33-13,62% u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu (bez međuredne kultivacije), a u 2016. godini za 3,09-4,27%. Povećanje prinosa posledica je, između ostalog, smanjene evaporacije zemljišne vlage i sprečavanja poniranja vode u dublje slojeve. Ovo omogućava bolje čuvanje vode u zemljištu u kritičnim periodima tokom letnjih meseci, a takođe i povećava aktivnost mikroorganizama kao i intenzivniju mineralizaciju organske materije, što u krajnoj meri utiče na povećanje prinosa.Ključne reči: međuredna kultivacija, prinos, soja, sorta. UvodSoja Glycine max (L.) Merr., syn Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim. је
Soybean yield depends on the choice of cultivar, soil fertility, cultivation practices, and weather conditions in different years. Ploughing down crop residues increases the content of soil organic matter, and thereby positively affects soil fertility. The use of crop residues as an energy source has been promoted in recent years. It would be wrong to refer to this as a renewable energy source as the removal of crop residues from agricultural fields reduces and ultimately damages soil fertility, which in turn leads to reduced yield and a crop residue decrease in the future. Due to the reduced application of manure and organic fertilisers, it is necessary to return crop residues to the soil to preserve soil structure and prevent soil fertility decline. The effect of ploughing down crop residues of preceding crops on soybean yield has been the focus of studies for eleven years. Ploughing down maize crop residues resulted in the soybean yield increase by about 11.69%, i.e. the annual yield increase ranged from 2.89% to 15.94%.
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