EVLA for varicose veins is safe and effective compared with HLS in a two-year range. More randomized controlled studies follow-up results are needed to clarify long-term recurrence (5 years).

Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been implicated as an oncogene in multiple human cancers. In the present study, human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues of different grades (N=78) were collected and the mRNA and protein expression of YAP and phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP) in gastric adenocarcinomas were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Then, human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were stably transfected with lentivirus-mediated YAP small hairpin RNA (shRNA). The expression levels ofYAP,proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were detected and the effects of shRNA-mediated knockdown ofYAP on cell proliferation and metastasis were assessed in gastric cancer cells. As a result, the expression ofYAP was observed in 69.23% gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, elevating with the ascending order of tumor malignancy. Knockdown of YAP could down-regulated the expression of PCNA and MMP-2, and inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, YAP is strongly expressed in gastric adenocarcinomas, and knockdown of YAP may inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through downregulation of PCNA and MMP-2 expression, suggesting that YAP represents an important therapeutic target in human gastric cancer.

The effect of an external transverse magnetic field on ionization injection of electrons in a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) is investigated by theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations. On application of a few tens of Tesla magnetic field, both the electron trapping condition and the wakefield structure changes significantly such that injection occurs over a shorter distance and at an enhanced rate. Furthermore, beam loading is compensated for, as a result of the intrinsic trapezoidal-shaped longitudinal charge density profile of injected electrons. The nonlinear ionization injection and consequent compensation of beam loading lead to a reduction in the energy spread and an enhancement of both the charge and final peak energy of the electron beam from a LWFA immersed in the magnetic field.

Early detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are closely related to a better therapeutic outcome, and the five-year survival rate ofearly CRC is over 90%. Though endoscopic minimally invasive treatment has become a quick and effective therapy for early CRC, endoscopic biopsies are usually not deep enough to obtain tissues from the submucosal layer and it is difficult to determine whether early CRC has infiltrated into the submucosa. Therefore, in the present study, we constructed tumor models of early submucosal non-invasive CRC (SNICRC) and submucosal invasive CRC (SICRC) in Fischer-344 rats induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The differentially-expressed proteins were analyzed and identified in SNICRC, SICRC and normal control (NC) tissues using highly sensitive twodimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Proteomic data revealed 132 protein spots between SNICRC and SICRC, 162 protein spots between SICRC and NC and 154 protein spots between SNICRC and NC which were found differentially expressed. These differential spots were picked, in-gel digested and peptide mass fingerprints were obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Finally, five differentially-expressed proteins in SNICRC, SICRC and NC were identified, and increases in Transgelin, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) and tropomyosin alpha isoform d were observed, while decreases in carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAlI) and an unnamed protein were detected in SICRC compared with SNICRC and NC. Furthermore, Fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays also revealed significant up regulation of Transgelin expression and down-regulation of CAlI expression in SICRC tissues. In conclusion,~D-DIGE is confirmed to be an efficient strategy that enables us to identify differentiallyexpressed proteins between early SNICRC and SICRC. The potential biomarkers such as Transgelin and CAlI may be used for the detection of early SICRC Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer incidence and mortalit y, and there are nearly one million new cases of CRC diagnosed worldwide each year and half a million deaths (1). The past two decades have brought major advances in CRC screening and therapeuti cs including advances in colonoscop y therapy. However, it is hard for endoscopic examination or other means to detect early CRC lesions.Thus, research focuses on specific strategies