Abstract.A new way of improving the heat dissipating ability and PV efficiency of the solar cells by enhancing the thermal conductivity of the rear EVA layer was reported. The thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, degree of curing of the EVA encapsulating composites and the PV efficiency of the solar cells are investigated. Filling with the thermal conductive fillers enhances the thermal conductivity of the composites effectively. The thermal conductivity of the filler influences significantly the thermal conductivity of the composite at high filler loading (greater than 20 vol%). Thermal conductivities of the composites filled with SiC, ZnO or BN reach respectively 2.85, 2.26 and 2.08 W/m·K at filler content of 60 vol%. The composites filled with ZnO or BN exhibit superior electrical insulation to those filled with SiC or Al2O3. ZnO can promote the cross-linking reaction of the EVA matrix. The test results indicated that the EVA composite encapsulating rear films filled with thermal conductive fillers are able to improve the PV efficiency and the heat dissipating ability of the solar cell effectively.
With decarburization of the electrical grid, the penetration of renewable energy generators (REGs) is increasing. Consequently, the operating environment of the electrical grid is greatly altered and the existing protection system for the electrical grid cannot adapt to the new environment. In order to solve the existing protection problems, the equivalent model for calculating short-circuit current of the REGs should be built. The calculation model depends on the fault current characteristics of REGs that are different from the conventional generators (synchronous generators). The short-circuit current characteristics of REGs are related with the corresponding inverter control strategies. However, the strategies are diverse from manufacturer to manufacturer and are unknown to the public. As a result, it becomes difficult to reveal the fault current characteristics and realize fault current calculation without knowing the control strategies. In this paper, the focus is on the fault current characteristics and their calculation models of inverter-interfaced REGs (IIREGs). To reveal the relationship between the inverter's control strategies and the IIREG's short-circuit current characteristics, a coordinated control strategy for gird-tie inverter and DC-link chopper is proposed. The main factors affecting the transient and steady-state shortcircuit currents are analyzed and revealed for IIREGs. Further, the calculation model of the steady-state short-circuit current from IIREGs is established, which is independent of the specific inverter's control strategies. Finally, based on the experimental test bench, both the fault ride through (FRT) capability and short-circuit current model of IIREG are verified. The results can be used for assessing and improving the relay protection strategies of the electrical grid with lots of IIREGs.
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