SUMMARYAn investigation for 2 years at Kano and 1 year at Samaru evaluated the effects of plant density on vegetative growth, development and dry matter production and distribution of five varieties of groundnut. Growth and branching of individual plants were reduced at high populations but more dry matter was produced per unit area. Dense plants, particularly Spanish 205, developed a larger leaf area earlier in the season and were presumably able to make better use of light. Varieties F439.4 and 439.2 suffered the least reduction in the number of vegetative branches but the extra branches contributed few useful reproductive nodes.
Often standard germination tests of sorghum seed over‐estimate field establishment capability. Current information in the literature points to the NH4Cl test as one of the most promising for correlating germination and field emergence for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. But the potentiality of the test has not been conclusive, so we attempted to improve on the normally reported test procedure by changing temperature, time, and NH4Cl concentration. Laboratory and field studies were conducted in 1971, 1972, and 1973. Significant correlations generally were obtained between laboratory seed germination, including standard tests, and field emergence. For high correlations, NH4Cl concentrations need to be no more than 4% and soaking time no longer than 1 or 2 hours at 40 or 50 C, respectively, and germinating temperatures should be between 20 and 30 C. In one instance, correlation of field establishment with standard germination tests were higher than correlation with other germination tests, probably because of seed age. None of the modifications of the NH4Cl test greatly improved correlation with field establishment.
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