It is important for researchers developing dyeing technology to improve the dyeing techniques of polyester micro fiber fabrics in terms of the time efficiency. The empirical observations have led to the deploying of the O-type dualnozzle flow dyeing machine developed by Asia Kingdom Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. to serve such purpose. The economic advantages include reducing the liquid ratio to 1: 8 and reducing the water volume required by 20~40%. The electricity required by 48~80% less compared to conventional upward or downward type dyeing machines. Therefore the CO2 production is decreased by 60%, demonstrating energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The nozzle pressure of a single nozzle machine is 1.6~3.0 kg/cm 2 , whereas by adjusting the flux passing front and back nozzles, the dual nozzle pressure is maintained in the range of 0.2~1.6 kg/cm 2 . The reduced pressure decreases the frequency of yarn hairness occurrence, thus improving the dyeing quality. The low liquid ratio results in dye exchange increase by 1.3~1.66 fold, significantly increasing the uniformity. Despite 40 times fewer contacts between the nozzle and the fabrics (total 244 times) compared to conventional machines, similar results were observed.
In general, acid dyes have high affinity toward nylon fibers, meaning that the dyes quickly bind with the polymer. Thus, if the dye is absorbed by the polymer too quickly, the nylon fibers can absorb the dye unevenly and not exhibit a constant shade or color. Consequently, nylon fibers are typically dyed with acid dyes under carefully controlled conditions in order to control the rate at which the dye is absorbed by the polymer. In particular, the temperature and the pH in the dye bath are usually monitored and regulated during the process. This article is focused on: 1. the relationship between different pH values and the exhaustion rates of metal complex dyes, 2. the relationship between different acids and the color strength of metal complex dyes, 3. the effect of pump flow on fabric running speed and level dyeing property. Our results showed that if the traditional acid agent was replaced with pH sliding agents, the critical dyeing range (CR) would be changed from 30~60°C to 50~60°C, the final dyeing temperature (T90) could be changed from 71°C to 86~95°C and then level dyeing fabrics was obtained. Increased dyeing pump flow and nozzle pressure caused to increased running speed of the fabric and shortened time required for the dyeing process by 20 min. It can help saving energy and costs for the dyeing process.
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