Typical CT findings of active postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis include centrilobular nodules and branching linear structures (tree-in-bud appearance), lobular consolidation, cavitation, and bronchial wall thickening. The CT findings of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis include calcified nodules or consolidation, irregular linear opacity, parenchymal bands, and pericicatricial emphysema. The typical appearance of primary tuberculosis on CT scans is homogeneous, dense, well-defined segmental or lobar consolidation with enlargement of lymph nodes in the hilum or the mediastinum. Miliary nodules may be seen in primary and postprimary tuberculosis. On CT, tuberculomas appear as a nodule with surrounding satellite nodules and internal cavitation on CT. Atypical radiologic manifestations of tuberculosis, encountered in as many as one third of the cases of adult-onset tuberculosis, are single or multiple nodules or masses, basilar infiltrates, miliary tuberculosis with diffuse bilateral areas of ground-glass opacity, and reversible multiple cysts. Underlying histopathologic findings of typical and atypical CT findings of tuberculosis are caseating granulomas or pneumonia in the active phase and fibrosis and dystrophic calcification in the inactive phase.
Blood pressure measurement in the finger artery offers some advantages compared with that in the brachial artery. However, volume oscillometric signals obtained from finger artery measurement are often influenced by motion artefact due to respiration, speaking, involuntary or voluntary movement, etc. In this paper, we developed a digital envelope detector to detect the maximum oscillation criterion in blood pressure measurement for the first time. The digital envelope detector is robust to noise signals generated by motion artefact and filters out the carrier frequency efficiently. To verify the feasibility of our method, we measured blood pressure for eight subjects using our developed system. The results were compared with the auscultation method. In the case of using a digital envelope detector, we could reduce the mean difference error and standard deviation by 30-40%. Our proposed digital envelope detector is a useful tool to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in finger artery.
It has been brought to our attention that there is a possible error in Figure 5 of the above paper whereby the western blot panel for beta-catenin representing the two cell lines MKN45 and MKN7 cells is identical. On inspection we agree with this observation, which is clearly an error on our part and which was also missed during the peer review process. Unfortunately we are unable to access the original gels and it is therefore not possible to offer the journal a full corrigendum, but nevertheless we feel it is important to acknowledge the error and formally put it on the record. Figure 5 in this paper represents our study of the linkage between E-cadherin and beta-catenin in these cell lines. Previous (Shibamoto et al, 1994) and subsequent publications (Ono et al, 2004;Atsumi et al, 2007) looking at the E-cadherin-catenin complex in these cell lines have shown concordant results with the conclusions of our paper, where we show that despite the similar expression and interaction of the E-cadherin and betacatenin in both cell lines, cell to cell adhesion characteristics are different. Other authors have proposed this to be due to other factors influencing cellcell adhesion, such as differences in tyrosine phosphorylation levels of these proteins. Our paper is purely descriptive and our findings are supported by other publications in the field. We therefore conclude that this error in Figure 5 does not alter interpretation of the findings of our paper.We have scrutinised the other data and images in the paper and can confidently confirm that there are no further errors or inaccuracies.This note has been approved by all the authors below: Current addresses: Aida U Jawhari, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK Michael JG Farthing, Vice-Chancellor, Sussex House, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK Massimo Pignatelli, Nazarbayev University Astana, Kazakhstan Estimating the asbestos-related lung cancer burden from mesothelioma mortality Following the publication of this paper, an omission was recognised. It is corrected below. REFERENCES CONFLICT OF INTERESTPB has acted as an expert witness in a trial involving asbestos exposure in the manufacture of synthetic polymers and risk of mesothelioma. VMcC, JP, GB and KS declare no conflicts of interest.
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