To explore potential biomarkers for amoxicillin/clavulanate‐induced liver injury (AC‐DILI), we conducted a clinical trial in 32 healthy subjects based on multi‐omics approaches. Every subject was administered amoxicillin/clavulanate for 14 days. The liver‐specific microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) level increased prior to and correlated well with the observed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increase. This result indicates its potential as a sensitive early marker for AC‐DILI. We also identified urinary metabolites, such as azelaic acid and 7‐methylxanthine, with levels that significantly differed among the groups classified by ALT elevation level on day 8 after drug administration (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte proliferation in response to the drug was also observed. These findings demonstrate sequential changes in the process of AC‐DILI, including metabolic changes, increased miR‐122 level, increased liver enzyme activity, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation after drug administration. In conclusion, this study provides potential biomarkers for AC‐DILI based on currently known mechanisms using comprehensive multi‐omics approaches.
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Gastrodia elata rhi¬zome (GR) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in dogs. We evaluated serum biochemical and hematological parameters, with emphasis on alanine transaminase (ALT), alanine phosphates (ALP), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, in dogs with TAA-induced liver injury.
Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into a control group (Con), TAA group, Silymarin group (Sil, 50 mg/kg), Gastrodia rhizome low dose (GRL) (low) + TAA, GRH (high) + TAA, and GR high-dose group (GRH) control group. GRL and GRH were given daily at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. TAA was given on days 1, 4, and 7 at a dose of 300 mg/kg.
Results: GR significantly reduced liver injury in treated animals, as indicated by lowered levels of ALT (about 32% at day 21 in both GRL + TAA and GRH + TAA groups), ALP (about 17% and 21% at day 21 in both GRL + TAA, GRH + TAA groups, respectively), and NO (about 36% at day 21 in both GRL + TAA, GRH + TAA groups) compared to the TAA control group. Hematological parameters showed mild changes during the experiment. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed gastrodin, a major component of the GR extract, constitutes 2.6% of the extract.
Conclusion: The GR demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects against TAA-induced liver injury in dogs. The study provides evidence for the potential therapeutic use of GR in the man¬agement of liver diseases.
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