Texture change (or retention) is an important aspect of a carpet's performance in use. Objective measurement of texture change using image analysis has become a useful tool for assessing the textural quality of carpets. This paper discusses a new approach to measuring changes in carpet texture by analyzing the Fourier power spectra of the images of control (unworn) and worn carpets. Through a series of steps involving analysis of the intensity profile of a carpet image using template matching, pre-processing by high-pass filtering, and reduction to a one-dimensional spectrum by taking the rotationally averaged power spectrum of the carpet image, a feature can be extracted that represents the pile texture change. The algorithm has been tested experimentally using a range of carpet types, including those that have been difficult to measure reliably with other image analysis algorithms. The new measure agrees well with the subjective impression of tuft texture change and wear, and excellent discrimination between different levels of wear has been achieved in all cases.Much work has been done on the objective evaluation of carpet texture using image analysis, including co-occurrence matrix analysis [ 5,11,7 ] , edge detection [ 12 ] , particle analysis [ 16 ] , and Fourier techniques [ 13 ] . All of these approaches are applicable to certain carpet types, but a universal method for quantifying the texture of all carpets has yet to be devised.To quantify texture change in carpets, we have derived and applied a method based on mathematical analysis of the change in a digital image of the tuft shape. This method provides a more reliable measure of the severity of carpet texture change than subjective approaches. In this paper, we propose a measure calculated from Fourier power spectrum analysis using a template matching technique. Measuring Tuft Distortion by Template MatchingThe three-dimensional tuft structure in the carpet has a considerable influence over the nature of the image of the carpet. The difference in tuft structure between the new and worn carpet is usually very pronounced..There is a high level of contrast between the tips of tufts and the background (the voids between the tufts) when the tufts (or loops) are well defined, as in a new carpet sample. Taking a line of pixels from the image of a new carpet sample, the intensity profile formed by the tufts and the background resembles a sine-squared function. As the carpet undergoes wear, however, the tips of tufts become less well defined through untwisting of the fiber components and crushing and matting of the pile. The distorted tufts gradually lose their discrete nature and merge to form a more uniform surface; the sinusoidal intensity profile of the tufts becomes distorted and flattened, so that in extreme cases the tuft structure is almost undiscemible.Measurements of the presence and degree of distortion of these peaks in the intensity profile will represent the degree of degradation of tuft definition. Thus a comparison of the variation of the inten...
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