A simplified approach to obtain the double‐K fracture parameters of concrete for three‐point bending beams was proposed based on the extreme method. With the proposed method, the double‐K parameters can be easily obtained by the experimental peak load. This method requires fewer parameters or tests than the double‐K method and the peak load method. It also avoids complicated numerical integral compared with the traditional extreme method. The double‐K parameters obtained by the proposed method are slightly smaller than those by the double‐K method, and they do not seem to be influenced by the initial crack length to depth ratio.
Wind energy harvesters have been widely studied for their great application potential to power small wireless sensors. Meanwhile, the unique dynamic characteristics of vibrational tristable energy harvesters have been theoretically and experimentally verified. More importantly, such vibrational tristable energy harvesters have excellent broadband energy harvesting performance under low-frequency and low-level excitations. This paper aims to develop a new kind of aeroelastic energy harvesters for enhancing wind energy harvesting performance. In detail, a vortex-induced vibrational tristable energy harvester is designed by using the magnetic force to realize the tristable configuration. A mathematical model of the presented harvester is provided. Experimental results verify that the presented vortex-induced vibrational tristable energy harvester performs better than the traditional linear vortex-induced vibration energy harvester.
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygen (ECMO) has used for rescuing severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) for half a century. Prone position ventilation (PPV) has been suggested according to the surviving sepsis campaign (SSC) guideline in children in 2020. We aimed to compare the outcomes and effect of PARDS patients with ECMO+PPV and ECMO only.Design: Retrospective Multicenter pair-matched StudySetting: In the present study, propensity score matching was conducted and the outcomes of severe PARDS patients were analyzed. The effect of PPV was compared as well. The efficiency of PPV included PaO2, Oxygen Index (OI), PaO2/FiO2, compliance of respiratory system and resistance of airway. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ECMO running time, PICU time, hospital days and mechanical ventilation time of survivors. Patients: 137 PARDS patients with criteria of ECMO from 11 hospitals in 5 years.Interventions: No interventions.Measurements and Main Results: Among 137 patients, 93 patients received ECMO+PPV at the same time and 44 patients didn’t. After matching, we got 34 pairs. For the survivors receiving ECMO+PPV, the PaO2, OI and PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly during the PPV period (P<0.01) and sustained for 4 hours at least. However, the hospital mortality of both groups showed no significant difference (50.0 vs. 55.9%, P=0.808). Conclusions: By far, there has been no ECMO+PPV efficiency study in PARDS patients. This study found that PPV was associated with improved oxygen state during ECMO. However, PPV was not associated with survival rate with PARDS patients on ECMO. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx (chiCTR.gov; Identifier: ChiCTR1800019555). Registered 18 November 2018. Name of the registry: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critical ill children with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome - A multicenter study.Take Home Message:1. Our study investigated prone position ventilation (PPV) could improve the oxygen state during ECMO for patients with severe PARDS.2. The results indicated PPV had no influence on the mortality of PARDS with ECMO.
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