Animal studies have shown that dioxins influence plasma thyroid hormone concentrations. To investigate the effect of chlorinated dioxins and furans on thyroid hormone concentrations in humans, we studied 38 healthy breast-fed infants. The study population was divided into two groups according to the dioxin concentrations in milk fat of their mothers. Blood samples were taken at birth and at the ages of 1 and 11 weeks. At birth a tendency to higher total thyroxine (tT4) concentrations was found in the high exposure group. At the ages of 1 and 11 weeks the increase of mean tT4 concentrations and tT4/thyroxine-binding globulin ratios in the high exposure group reached significance as compared to the low exposure group. At birth and 1 week after birth, mean thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were similar in both groups, but at the age of 11 weeks the mean TSH concentrations were significantly higher in the high exposure group. We postulate that the observed plasma tT4 elevation in infants exposed to dioxins before and after birth is the result of an effect on the thyroid hormone regulatory system.ImagesFigure 1.Figure 1. BFigure 2.
Influence of short-term dietary measures on dioxin concentrations in human milk.Pluim, H.J.; Boersma, E.R.; Kramer, I.; Olie, K.; van der Slikke, J.W.; Koppe, J.G.
made at random, which gives a good indication of the mean COHb concentration in smokers.7A history of an attack of chest pain suggesting myocardial infarction was associated with raised COHb concentrations; a similar relation was not found for smoking history. The association was unlikely to have been caused by greater frequency of "false" attacks of chest pain in men with raised COHb concentrations because. a similar association was found for ECG signs of myocardial infarction. The association was mainly caused by slight rises in COHb concentration (06-2O0O0). The finding of this association among ex-smokers was unexpected; occasional smokers who had already had a myocardial infarction may have denied their habit more often than the other men.Because our subjects were middle-aged and older men from rural areas, we cannot make generalised conclusions. Furthermore, a cross-sectional study such as this has sources of bias: for instance, the men who had diseases associated with smoking may have altered their smoking habits. A prospective population study is needed to clarify the role of carbon monoxide in atherosclerosis.
References'Wald, N, et al, Thorax, 1975, 30, 133 British Medical Journal, 1978, 1, 270-272 Summary and conclusions We studied the effect of previous induced and spontaneous abortion on gestational duration in subsequent pregnancies in 12 obstetric departments in the Netherlands. Only primiparae were studied. Of 504 women who had had a previous induced abortion, 18 (3-6%) delivered before 32 weeks' gestational age. Forty of 1313 women with a history of spontaneous abortion (3 0%) and 259 of 12 678 women with no history of abortion (2 1%) also delivered before 32 weeks. The differences between the three groups were not significant. In the Netherlands there are no significant indications that spontaneous midtrimester abortions or premature deliveries are caused by a previous induced abortion.
IntroductionShould women who have had induced abortions be afraid of additional risk in subsequent, wanted pregnancies ? Englishl-3 and eastern European4-7 studies show increased numbers of second-trimester spontaneous abortions and premature deliveries in women becoming pregnant after induced abortions. We aimed to evaluate the risks of such complications in Dutch women.
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